Research Article

Widespread 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Affluent and Nonaffluent Pregnant Indian Women

Table 3

Bivariate associations between maternal characteristics and 25(OH)D status (ng/mL) (N = 150).

Maternal characteristicsr value4P value

Age (years)0.170.04
Weight (kg)−0.110.18
Phytate : calcium1,2−0.110.18
Calcium (mg/d)10.090.25
Phosphorus (mg/d)0.100.20
Sun exposure index1,30.35<0.001
Time of day (24 hours)−0.110.18

Mean (95% CI)5P value

Hospital
 Private nursing home (n = 68)11.8 (10.8, 12.9)0.002
 Government (n = 82)9.8 (9.1, 10.6)
Parity
 First pregnancy (n = 118)10.6 (9.9, 11.3)0.71
 >1 pregnancy (n = 32)10.9 (9.5, 12.5)

P ≤ 0.20 were considered for further multivariable linear regression analysis.
1Log transformed variables. Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals reported.
2Phytate : calcium ratio = mmol/day phytate intake/mmol/day calcium intake.
3% body surface area exposed to sunlight × hours of sun exposure/week. Higher values indicate greater exposure to sunlight.
5ANOVA.
4Pearson’s correlations.
Time of day (24 hours) refers to the time of the day to sun exposure in 24-hour format.