Hypervolemia for Hypertension Pathophysiology: A Population-Based Study

Table 4

Comorbidities according to hydration reference plot.

Hydration reference plot regions	BMI (median)	DM (%)	CAD (%)	CKD (%)
1 ()	30 (24.8–36.5)	33.3 a	0 a*	9.1
2 ()	29.7 (18.1–41.6) a*	20.3 a*	7.7 a*	4.6
3 ()	28.6 (18.3–50.6) a*	6.71	2.4	0
4 ()	26.9 (17.5–36.9)	18.2	13.6 a*	0
DX ()	27.5 (15.8–45.5)	9.7	3.4	2.7
Total (2034)	28 (15.8–50.6)	11.8	4.3	2.9

; a: group versus DX. .
BMI: body mass index, CAD: coronary artery disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease, and DX: overhydration between −1.1 and 2.5 L with systolic blood pressure 100–150 mmHg.