Endoscopic Evacuation of Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage via Keyhole Approach Using an Adjustable Cannula in Comparison with Craniotomy

Table 2

Clinical findings and functional outcomes in included patients.

Variable		NE group	Craniotomy group	𝑃 (95% CIs)
Hematoma evacuation rate (%)		90.11±7.27	85.37±6.78	0.02*
Operating time (min)		76.48±14.92	175.15±26.13	<0.00001*
Mortality (𝑛/%)		—	3/10.0	0.27
Rebleeding rate (𝑛/%)		1/4.76	3/10.0	0.50
Infection rate (𝑛/%)		2/9.52	11/36.67	0.04*
Mean GOS score	6th month	3.61±0.92	3.05±1.26	0.07
Mean mRS score	Discharge	2.85±1.88	2.96±1.65	0.83
	6th month	2.33±1.83	2.67±1.54	0.49
Mean GCS score	3 days after surgery	9.71±2.64	9.03±2.85	0.38
	Discharge	11.61±2.87	10.25±2.45	0.08
Good functional outcome (𝑛/%)		11/52.38	4/13.33	0.04*
NICU (d)		6.5	11.2	0.005*

^∗𝑃<0.05 showing statistically significant difference.
Good functional outcome (GFO) is defined as a patient being able to care for him/herself, corresponding to a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0, 1, 2, or 3, a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 4 or 5, or activities of daily living (ADL) score [14] of 1, 2, or 3.