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| Risk factors | Mechanism of ingrowth | Authors |
|
| Graft dislocation or graft detachment | Exposition of denuded endothelium areas, probable loss of the contact inhibition provided by the endothelium. Proliferation and migration of loose epithelial cells | Bansal et al. [8], Saelens et al. [11], Koenig and Covert [17], Phillips et al. [14], Walker et al. [19], Lee et al. [24], Sidrys and Demong [28], Cameron et al. [29] |
|
| Combination of cataract extraction and IOL implantation | Surgical manipulations may provide a portal of entry for host epithelial cells into the AC. | Gorovoy and Ratanasit [5] |
|
| Wound leak or tissue incarceration | Presence of vitreous within the surgical wound as a scaffold for the epithelial conjunctival cells migration, loss of endothelium cells inhibition | Phillips et al. [14], Chen and Pineda II [21] |
|
| Location of the surgery incision | Limbal or corneal incision would facilitate near loose epithelial cells to be dragged and introduced into the anterior chamber | Suh et al. [18] |
|
| Preparation of the posterior lamellar disc | The donor epithelium can be implanted on graft during the preparation of the donor posterior lamellar disc and then introduced intraoperatively at interface of AC. The loose donor epithelial cells may be mechanically dragged across the stromal interface by microkeratome and remain adherent to the stroma, developing epithelial ingrowth | Saelens et al. [11], Ghosh et al. [16], Suh et al. [27] |
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