Clinical and Structural Features of Sperm Head Vacuoles in Men Included in the In Vitro Fertilization Programme

Table 1

Sperm quality in normospermic men and in men with teratozoospermia: classical parameters of sperm quality and sperm head vacuoles.

Sperm quality	Normozoospermia	Teratozoospermia
Number of patients	40	41
Mean concentration of sperm (×10^6 spz/mL)	95.5 (min. 50–max. 200)	48.4 (min. 2–max. 100)
Mean sperm motility (% of motile spz)	72.0% (min. 50–max. 80)	65.1% (min. 14–max. 80)
Mean sperm morphology (% of normal spz)	35.6% (min. 18–max. 67)	8.0% (min. 2–max. 13)
% of sperm with head vacuoles	74.6%*	90.2%*
% of Class I sperm (no vacuoles)	26.5%*	9.7%*
% of Class II sperm (at most two small vacuoles)	47.1%	44.6%
% of Class III sperm (more than two small vacuoles or one big vacuole)	25.4%**	37.8%**
% of Class IV sperm (big vacuoles)	2.1%*	7.8%*

∗Statistically significant difference (𝑃<0.01).
**Statistically significant difference (𝑃<0.05), as revealed by chi-square test.