Author/year of publication Baseline characteristics Pain relief Disability QoL Kyphotic angle/VH Cement leakage New fractures Conclusion (1) Grafe et al. 2005 [16 ]/2008 [15 ]; Kasperk et al. 2005 [18 ]/2010 [17 ] (1) BKP (40) versus NSM (20) (2) Chronic number (3) Postop, 3 mo, 6 mo, 1 y, 3 y Pain score (0–100)BKP superior to NSM (
: .008 at 1 y,
: .02 at 3 y) EVOS NS difference NR BKP superior to NSM (
)9%, none symptomatic BKP superior to NSM (
: .03 at 3 y)BKP reduces pain, new VCFs, and doctor’s visits in chronic osteoporotic VCFs for at least 1 year. Both PMMA and CaP equally effective in reducing pain and improving mobility. CaP is better for young pts(2) Komp et al. 2004 [20 ] (1) BKP (21) versus NSM (19) (2) Acute number (3) 6 w, 6 mo VAS score BKP superior to NSM (
: NR) ODIBKP superior to NSM (
: NR) NR NR Poorly reported BKP : 36%NSM : 64%
: NRBKP is superior to NSM (3) Dong et al. 2009 [31 ] (1) BKP (20) versus VP (18) (2) NR (3) Postop, 3 mo VAS score BKP equivalent to VP NR BKP improved VC more than VP (
) NR BKP superior to VP (
) NR NR Both procedures have significant pain relief and improve lung function; BKP improves vital capacity more than VP (4) Grohs et al. 2005 [41 ] (1) BKP (28) versus VP (23) (2) Subacute number (3) Postop, 4 mo , 1 y, 2 y VAS score BKP superior to VP (
< .05) ODIBKP : superior to NSM (
) except from 2 y (NS) NR BKP : 6% decrease (
)VP : No decreaseBKP : 22.8%, asymptomaticVP : 27.5% BKP : 17%VP : 3.5%In subacute number BKP is superior in reducing the kyphotic wedge and pain for 2 y. Disability improvement was superior up to 1 yr (5) Lovi et al. 2009 [32 ] (1) BKP (36) versus VP (118) (2) Acute number (3) 1 mo , 3 mo, 6 mo, 2 y VAS score BKP equivalent to VP ODIBKP equivalent to VP NR BKP had more restoration than VP BKP less extravasation than VP (
) BKP : noneVP : 3.3%, (
: NR)Similar pain relief and function scoreBKP less cement leakage (6) De Negri et al. 2007 [30 ] (1) BKP (15) versus VP (18) (2) Acute and subacute (3) Postop, 2 days, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo VAS score BKP equivalent to VP ODIBKP equivalent to VP NR NR BKP : NONEVP : 33% NR There is no difference between two groups in pain relief and disability improvement. Cement leakage occurs in VP (7) Pflugmacher et al. 2005 [34 ] (1) BKP (22) versus VP (20) (2) Acute number (3) Postop , 3 mo, 6 mo, 1 y VAS score BKP equivalent to VP ODIBKP equivalent to VP NR BKP superior to VP (
)NR NR BKP restore significant body height in acute number (8) Röllinghof et al. 2009 [35 ] (1) BKP (49) versus VP (41) (2) Acute number (3) Preop, postop, 1 y VAS score BKP equivalent to VP ODIBKP equivalent to VP NR BKP equivalent to VP in kyphosis reduction BKP superior to VP in height restoration (
) BKP : 22.6VP : 25.5%BKP : 13.2% VP : 7.8%Mean vertebral body height restoration was significantly higher in BKP. (9) Santiago et al. 2010 [37 ] (1) BKP (22) versus VP (20) (2) Acute number (3) 1 mo, 6 mo, 1 y VAS score BKP equivalent to VP ODIBKP equivalent to VP NR BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP BKP superior to VP (
: .01)No difference between operations (10) Schofer et al. 2009 [36 ] (1) BKP (30) versus VP (30) (2) Acute number (3) 1 d , last follow-up VAS score BKP equivalent to VP NR SF36 BKP equivalent to VP BKP superior to VP (
). BKP less extravasation than VP (
) BKP : none VP : 3.3%Similar pain relief. and QOLBKP less cement leakage and better reduction. (11) Alvarez et al. 2006 [13 ] (1) VP (101) versus NSM (27) (2) Fractures >6 w and <1 y (3) Postop, 3 mo,6 mo,1 y VAS score (0–10)VP superior to NSM up to 6 mo ODIVP superior to NSM up to 3 mo NSM superior to VP after 3 mo SF36VP superior to NSM at 3 mo VP equivalent to NSM after 3 mo NR VP : 59.6% VP inferior to NSM (
) VP is more effective than NSM in pain relief and function in the early postop period. No difference was observed after 6 months(12) Diamond et al. 2006 [14 ] (1) VP (88) versus NSM (38) (2) Acute number (3) Postop, 6 w, 6 mo, 1 y, 2 y VAS score (0–25)VP superior to NSM only in 6 w (
.004) Barthel IndexVP superior to NSM only in 6 w (
.02) NR NR NR VP equivalent to NSM VP is more effective than NSM in pain relief and function in the early postop period. No difference was observed after 6 months (13) Bae et al. 2010 [29 ] (1) BKP (20) versus VP (20) (2) Subacute and chronic number (3) 1 mo, 3 mo, 1 y, 2 y VAS scoreBKP equivalent to VP (
) ODIBKP equivalent to VP (
) SF-12BKP equivalent to VP (
) NR BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP Both BKP and VP were equally effective in improving pain and disability/QOL (14) Movrin et al. 2010 [33 ] (1) BKP (46) versus VP (27) (2) Acute and subacute number (3) Postop, 1 y VAS scoreBKP equivalent to VP NR NR BKP superior to VP (
). BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP Both BKP and VP were equally effective in improving pain and have low incidence of new VCFs. BKP is superior in kyphosis correction (15) Kumar et al.2010 [42 ] (1) BKP (24) versus VP (28) (2) Subacute number (3) 1 w, 3 mo, 10 mo VAS scoreBKP superior to VP ODIBKP superior to VP (
) SF-36/EQ-5DBKP superior to VP BKP superior to VP BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP Both BKP and VP were equally effective in improving pain, disability, and QOL; BKP yielded superior results maintained until last follow-up (16) Eidt-Koch and Greiner 2011 [23 ] (1) BKP versus NSM (2) 82 pts RMDBKP superior to NSM EQ-5DBKP superior to NSM BKP patients improve more than for NSM QoL(17) Li et al. 2011 [39 ] (1) BKP versus VP (96 pts) (2) Acute number (3) 12 mo VAS scoreBKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP BKP superior to VP 9% BKP 35% VP 3 in BKP , 2 in VP similar good outcomes.BKP better kyphosis correction and less cement leak (18) Bornemann et al. 2012 [24 ] NSM For 6 w and then BKP or NSM VAS scoreBKP superior to NSM BKP superior to NSM BKP was clearly better than NSM and should be offered much sooner(19) Movrin 2012 [25 ] (1) BKP (46) versus NSM (61) (2) Acute number VAS scoreBKP superior to NSM BKP superior to NSM BKP (6.5%) superior to NSM (16.4%) BK superior to NSM for pain control kyphosis reduction and adjacent number(20) Omidi-Kashani et al. 2013 [40 ] (1) BKP (29) versus VP (28) (2) Acute/subacute number VAS scoreBKP equivalent to VP SF-36BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP BKP equivalent to VP VP is preferred due to cost and equivalent results(21) Lee et al. 2012 [28 ] (1) BKP (82) versus NSM (149) (2) Acute/subacute number. (3) 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo, 1 y VAS scoreBKP superior to NSM only in 1st mo and then equivalent ODI BKP superior to NSM only in 1st mo and then equivalent 8 in NSM , 5 in KP Prompt BKP should not be indicated if no risk factors exist (age, BMD, BMI, collapse)