Review Article
Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Table 3
VEGF neurotrophic activity (adapted from Keifer et al., 2014 [
198]).
| VEGF factorā | Role | References |
| VEGF-A | Neurogenesis | [103, 277, 278] | Nerve migration | [279] | Axonal guidance | [167, 280, 281] | Survival/neuroprotection | [39, 41, 282] | Protective effects in adverse conditions: Hypoxia Serum deprivation Excitotoxicity Mechanical trauma Chemical toxicity | [36, 37, 182, 183, 212, 251, 283, 284] |
| VEGF-B | Survival: retinal and cortical neurons | [165, 217] |
| VEGF-C | Nervous system development Proliferation and activation of astroglia and microglia | [113, 285, 286] |
| VEGF-D | Survival/neuroprotection Development of embryonic stem cells | [279, 287] |
| PLGF | Survival/neuroprotection | [288, 289] |
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