Reliability of a Simple Physical Therapist Screening Tool to Assess Errors during Resistance Exercises for Musculoskeletal Pain

Table 2

Tables 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 2(d) show the intratester reliability between the two test rounds and intertester reliability between the two observers for the four different exercises (wΚ (95% CI)) (Tables 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 2(d)) categorized by joint and ordinal deviation from neutral.

(a) Exercise: Bilateral raise

Joint	Ordinal deviation	Left (L)/Right (R)	Intratester reliability		Intertester reliability
			Observer 1	Observer 2	Round 1	Round 2
Wrist	Palmar/dorsal flexion	L	0,39 (0,10–0,68)	0,31 (0,01–0,60)	0,52 (0,31–0,72)	0,33 (0,10–0,55)
		R	0,57 (0,34–0,79)	0,52 (0,25–0,79)	0,36 (0,17–0,55)	0,44 (0,25–0,63)
	Radial/ulnar deviation	L	0,46 (0,07–0,85)	0,43 (−0,02–0,89)	0,30 (−0,05–0,66)	0,84 (0,53–1)
		R	0,37 (−0,06–0,79)	0,20 (−0,27–0,67)	0,22 (−0,14–0,59)	1 (1-1)
Elbow	Flexion/extension	L	0,25 (−0,18–0,68)	0,38 (−0,15–0,90)	0,51 (0,14–0,88)	0,49 (−0,09–1)
		R	−0,04 (−0,10–0,03)	0,31 (−0,17–0,78)	0,41 (0.00–0,83)	0,38 (−0,15–0,91)
Shoulder	Transverse plane position	L	0,43 (0,12–0,75)	0,37 (0,07–0,67)	0,58 (0,32–0,83)	0,38 (0,09–0,66)
		R	0,38 (0,09–0,67)	0,30 (0,01–0,59)	0,55 (0,29–0,8)	0,40 (0,12–0,67)
	Abduction/adduction	L	0,72 (0,46–0,97)	0,46 (0,20–0,71)	0,40 (0,18–0,62)	0,59 (0,31–0,88)
		R	0,61 (0,32–0,89)	0,41 (0,15–0,68)	0,42 (0,20–0,64)	0,56 (0,28–0,85)
	Internal/external rotation	L	0,76 (0,50–1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	0,16 (−0,12–0,44)	0,15 (−0,12–0,42)
		R	0,76 (0,51–1)	1 (1-1)	0,16 (−0,12–0,44)	0,15 (−0,12–0,43)
		Mean	0,55 (0,30–0,79)	0,50 (0,16–0,81)	0,42 (0,09–0,71)	0,55 (0,30–0,79)

(b) Exercise: Bilateral shoulder retraction

Joint	Ordinal deviation	Left (L)/Right (R)	Intratester reliability		Intertester reliability
			Observer 1	Observer 2	Round 1	Round 2
Wrist	Radial/ulnar deviation	L	0,64 (0,18–1)	0,54 (0,08–1)	0,55 (0,17–0,93)	0,37 (−0,18–0,92)
		R	0,64 (0,18–1)	0,54 (0,08–1)	0,39 (−0,03–0,81)	0,37 (−0,18–0,92)
	Palmar/dorsal flexion	L	0,53 (0,31–0,76)	0,34 (0,10–0,57)	0,60 (0,43–0,78)	0,60 (0,40–0,79)
		R	0,52 (0,31–0,74)	0,39 (0,14–0,64)	0,61 (0,44–0,78)	0,50 (0,31–0,70)
Elbow	Flexion/extension	L	0,62 (0,24–1)	0,37 (−0,16–0,90)	0,69 (0,36–1)	0,48 (−0,12–1)
		R	0,62 (0,24–1)	0,37 (−0,16–0,90)	0,69 (0,38–1)	0,48 (−0,12–1)
Shoulder	Transverse plane position	L	0,47 (0,27–0,67)	0,41 (0,19–0,63)	0,46 (0,22–0,71)	0,73 (0,56–0,90)
		R	0,47 (0,27–0,67)	0,41 (0,19–0,63)	0,46 (0,22–0,71)	0,73 (0,56–0,90)
	Internal/external rotation	L	0,65 (0,32–0,97)	0,84 (0,61–1)	0,77 (0,55–0,98)	0,85 (0,64–1)
		R	0,65 (0,33–0,97)	0,84 (0,61–1)	0,92 (0,77–1)	0,74 (0,48–1)
	Abduction	L	0,68 (0,36–1)	0,45 (0,01–0,89)	0,70 (0,37–1)	0,72 (0,35–1)
		R	0,68 (0,36–1)	0,45 (0,01–0,89)	0,70 (0,37–1)	0,72 (0,35–1)
		Mean	0,51 (0,22–0,78)	0,52 (0,15–0,86)	0,68 (0,45–0,91)	0,52 (0,20–0,80)

(c) Exercise: Unilateral shoulder external rotation

Joint	Ordinal deviation	Left (L)/Right (R)	Intratester reliability		Intertester reliability
			Observer 1	Observer 2	Round 1	Round 2
Wrist	Palmar/dorsal flexion	R	0,35 (0,07–0,63)	0,58 (0,35–0,82)	0,56 (0,33–0,78)	0,76 (0,58–0,94)
	Radial/ulnar deviation	R	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	0,79 (0,38–1)	1 (0,62–1)
Elbow	Supination/pronation	R	1 (0,50–1)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	1 (0,50–1)
	Flexion/extension	R	0,52 (0,27–0,76)	0,14 (−0,19–0,46)	0,36 (0,13–0,59)	0,41 (0,17–0,65)
Shoulder	Abduction	R	0,52 (0,27–0,77)	−0,04 (−0,10–0,03)	0,34 (0,09–0,60)	0,49 (0,21–0,77)
	Flexion/Extension	R	0,40 (−0,02–0,83)	0,14 (−0,21–0,48)	0,31 (−0,08–0,70)	0,50 (0,13–0,88)
		Mean	0,50 (0,21–0,71)	0,27 (0,09–0,43)	0,52 (0,29–0,72)	0,69 (0,39–0,86)

(d) Exercise: Unilateral Wrist Extension

Joint	Ordinal deviation	Left (L)/Right (R)	Intratester reliability		Intertester reliability
			Observer 1	Observer 2	Round 1	Round 2
Wrist	Palmar flexion at the bottom	R	0,67 (0,40–0,93)	0,62 (0,36–0,89)	0,79 (0,59–0,99)	0,75 (0,51–0,99)
	Dorsal flexion at the top	R	0,67 (0,33–1)	0,46 (0,10–0,82)	0,59 (0,27–0,91)	0,59 (0,23–0,95)
	Radial/ulnar deviation	R	0,37 (−0,16–0,90)	1 (0,62–1)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
		Mean	0,57 (0,24–0,82)	0,44 (0,20–0,60)	0,40 (0,20–0,59)	0,62 (0,34–0,79)