Prospect of Stem Cell Conditioned Medium in Regenerative Medicine

Table 3

Growth factor level from various cell sources, culture duration, cell number and processing of conditioned medium.

Reference number	Cell source	Culture/duration	Cell number/processing	Growth factor level
[7]	Hu-ESC-EC	Monolayer —5 days	NA	Angiogenic cytokine: VEGF, SDF-1, PlGF, leptin, EGF, bFGF, and HGF: CM DM-PAC < CM cPAC; Angiogenic cytokine: VEGF, PDGF, ICAM-1, EGF, and bFGF: CM ESC-EC > CM c-PAC = CM D-PAC
[13]	(i) Hu-ESC-CD133/KDR-EPC; (ii) Hu-UCB-EPC	Monolayer—48 hours	80% in 150 mm culture dish/Conc. 50x	EGF	ESC-EPC versus CB-EPC versus EGM-2; 12584 versus 12654 versus 9 pg/mL
				FGF-2	383 versus 652 versus 61
				Fractalkine	1605 versus 150 versus 133
				GM-CSF	755 versus 323 versus 313
				IL-6	4332 versus 1961 versus 2463
				IL-8	239030 versus 13629 versus 7
				IL-9	345 versus 42 versus 9
				IP-10	458 versus 513 versus 511
				MCP-1	63 versus 3201 versus 1902
				PDGF-AA	6667 versus 5568 versus 41
				PDGF-AB/BB	17 versus 1884 versus 75
				VEGF	4265 versus 538 versus 42
[9]	Hu-AF SC—Ckit (+)	Monolayer—16 hours	15 × 10^4—70%/from 5 × 10^5 cells Conc. 12.5x	VEGF, IL-8, SDF-1	1 ng/170.000 cell (1 g DNA)
				IL-6, MCP-1	0.5 ng/170.000 cell
				TGF-b	0.2 ng/170.000 cell
				IFNg	—
				IP-10 /CXCL10	—
				IL-1a	—
[20]	(i) Hu-AF-MSC; (ii) Hu-AF-MSC-HPL	Monolayer—24 hours	1.5 × 10^6; 80%/; Conc. 25x	Proteome analysis; Hu-AF-MSC-HPL-CM: Anti-inflammatory cytokine: IL-10, IL-27, IL-17E, IL-13, IL-12p70, and IL-1ra; Liver protection: MCP- 1, IL-1b; Hu-AF-MSC-HPL-CM, AF-MSC-CM: Anti-inflammatory cytokine: TGFβ1; Tissue repair: serpin E1, SDF-1; Angiogenesis: VEGF, PDEGF, and endostatin/collagen XVIII; Liver regeneration: UPA, thrombospondin 1 and 2, HEGF, FGF-7, EGF, and HGF; Anti-apoptotic markers: TIMP-1, IGFBP
[8]	(i) Hu-PB-MNC-; EPC; (ii) HUVEC	Monolayer—72 hours	NA	IL-8/CXCL8; Hypox versus norm	29090.7 ± 12279.4 pg/mL; versus 2282.1 ± 406.3 pg/mL
				SDF-1/CXCL12	6059.9 ± 654.6 pg/mL; versus 3179.9 ± 488.0 pg/mL
				HGF	539.5 ± 141.7 pg/mL; versus 343.4 ± 74.8 pg/mL
				Angiogenin	144.6 ± 68.2 pg/mL; versus 72.5 ± 15.8 pg/mL
				PDGF-BB	111.6 ± 27.02 pg/mL; versus 19.9 ± 2.2 pg/mL
				VEGF-A	25.5 ± 4.8 pg/mL; versus 11.4 ± 5.2 pg/mL
[10]	Hu-UCB SC (endothelial + MSC)	Monolayer—48 hours	80%/Conc. 50x	EGF	3,286 ± 419 pg/mL
				VEGF	2,463 ± 151 pg/mL
				G-CSF	3,615 ± 173 pg/mL
				GM-CSF	3,623 ± 345 pg/mL
				TGF-β1, PDGF,; bFGF, and KGF	=HUVEC
	HUVEC	Monolayer—48 hours	80%/Conc. 50x	EGF	UCB-SC-4.8X
				VEGF	UCB-SC-42x
				G-CSF	UCB-SC-3.7x
				GM-CSF	UCB-SC-2.4x
[22]	Hu-BM-MSC	Monolayer—24 hours	2 × 10^6/Conc. 25x	69 from 174 prot. tested (+); (concentration NA)
[27]	Hu-BM-MSC	Monolayer—24 hours	4 × 10^6/Conc. 25x	VEGF; HGF	Normoxia: 230 pg/mL; Hypoxia: 450 pg/mL; Normoxia: 600 pg/mL; Hypoxia: 750 pg/mL
[17]	Hu-BM-MNC-stro-3-MPC	NA	1 × 10^6/Conc.	IL-6 = 2x C	118.04 ± 0.27 pg/mL
				MCP-1 = 2x C	521.89 ± 1.48 pg/mL
				VEGF = 2x C	33.95 ± 2.98 pg/mL
[25]	(i) Hu-BM-MSC; (ii) Hu-BM-CD133; (iii) Hu-BM-p75	Monolayer—48 hours	1 × 10^6; 90%/; Conc. 40x	Secretion/cell	P75 versus CD133 versus BMMSC
				IL6—norm	3.8 versus 0.8 versus 0.6 fg
				IL6—hypox	0.25 = 0.25 versus 0.1 fg
				PlGF—norm	0.045 versus 0.01 versus 0 fg
				PlGF—hypox	0.043 versus 0.025 versus 0.15 fg
				ADM—norm	0.1 versus 0.05 versus 0.2 fg
				ADM—hypox	5.8 versus 5.4 versus 11.5 fg
				VEGF—norm	1.5 versus 1.0 versus 1.35 fg
				VEGF—hypox	0.7 versus 0.9 versus 0.95 fg
				SDF-1—norm	1.35 versus 0.75 versus 0.15 fg
				SDF-1—hypox	0.4 versus 0.7 versus 1.0 fg
				HGF—norm	0.84 versus 0.7 versus 0.25 fg
				HGF—hypox	0.01 versus 0.25 versus 0.01 fg
				DKK-I—norm	4 versus 4 versus 4.5 fg
				DKK-1—hypox	6.8 versus 6.5 versus 10.5 fg
[28]	Rat-BM-MSC	Monolayer—48 hours	90%; T75/Conc. 40x	23 from 90 prot. tested (+)
				NGF	356 ± 117 pg/mL
				BDNF	208 ± 57 pg/mL
				IL-6	427± 168 pg/mL
[24]	Hu-AD-MSC	Spheroid—2 days	4.2 × 10^7/Centr.	CM versus αMEM:hTGF-b1	14.33 ± 6.71 versus 2.49 ± 2.39 pg/mL
				hVEGF	1,015.17 ± 170.97 pg/mL versus ND
				hPDGF-AA	Both ND
[6]	Hu-AD-SC; In MEM—FBS	Spheroid—2 days	10^5/Centr.	VEGF	14.4 ± 0.4 ng/mL
				FGF2	13.2 ± 2.2 ng/mL
				HGF	13.3 ± 2.3 ng/mL
				CXCL12	16.6 ± 2.9 ng/mL
	In CRM-hu allo			No diff >< MEM-FBS
	In CRM-serum (−)			GF <
	In αMEM—FBS	Monolayer—2 days	10^5/Centr.	GF<<<
	In CRM-hu allo				GF<<<
[5]	Hu-AD-SC	Monolayer—; 72 hours	4 × 10^5/Conc.	Spot density array hypox versus nomoxia
				GCSF	14.07 ± 3.84 versus 10.13 ± 4.21
				GM-CSF	13.53 ± 1.26 versus 10.21 ± 1.44
				IGFBP-1	9.48 ± 0.44 versus 5.56 ± 0.44
				IGFBP-2	8.91 ± 0.02 versus 6.73 ± 0.31
				IGF-II	10.62 ± 0.85 versus 4.61 ± 0.93
				M-CSF	14.06 ± 0.13 versus 7.46 ± 1.69
				M-CSF R	9.09 ± 0.20 versus 3.31 ± 1.75
				PDGF Rβ	17.67 ± 1.32 versus 11.47 ± 1.40
				PDGF-AA	16.63 ± 1.33 versus 12.14 ± 2.12
				VEGF	13.47 ± 1.26 versus 5.59 ± 1.22
				EGF	11.06 ± 2.45 versus 34.14 ± 6.75
[36]	(i) AD-SC; (ii) Hu dermal fibroblast	NA	NA	AD-SC
				VEGF	810.65 ± 56.92 pg/g DNA
				IGF-I	328.33 ± 22.7 pg/g DNA
				Hu dermal fibroblast
				VEGF	28.4 ± 2.25 pg/g DNA
				IGFI	Undetectable
[33]	Hu-MSC (Lonza)	Monolayer—48 hours	70%/(—)	IGF-1	1515.6 ± 211.8 pg/mL
				VEGF	465.8 ± 108.8 pg/mL
				TGF-b1	339.8 ± 14.4 pg/mL
				HGF	20.3 ± 7.9 pg/mL,
				FGF-2, PDGFBB, BMP-2, and SDF-1 (—)

CRM: clinically relevant med, hu allo: human allogenic serum, MP: microparticle, ND: not detected, SDF-1: stromal derived factor-1, PlGF: placental GF, bFGF: basic FGF, HGF: hepatocyte GF, PAC: peripheral blood angiogenic cells (from PB MN cells-floating), cPAC: healthy control PAC, ESC-EC: ESC derived endothelial cell, MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1, PDEGF: platelet derived endothelial cell GF, UPA: urokinase plasminogen activator, HEGF: heparin binding epidermal GF, TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, IGFBP: insulin-like GF binding protein, IP-10: interferon inducible protein-1, ADM: adrenomedullin, DKK-1: Dickkopf-1, norm: normoxic, hypox = hypoxic, fg = fentogram.