Naja naja karachiensis Envenomation: Biochemical Parameters for Cardiac, Liver, and Renal Damage along with Their Neutralization by Medicinal Plants

Table 3

Hepatoprotective activity of various medicinal plant extracts on ALT and AST levels to neutralize snake bite envenomation in experimental rabbits.

Sr. number	Group V; (subgroup)	Name of evaluated sample	GPT/ALT		GOT/AST
			U/L; (mean ± SEM)	𝑃 value/comment	U/L (mean ± SEM)	𝑃 value/comment
1	(V/1)	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.	62 ± 7.02	0.5>𝑃>0.1	99 ± 18.55	0.5>𝑃>0.1
2	(V/2)	Allium cepa L.	68 ± 12.03	0.5>𝑃>0.1	166.5 ± 0.50	0.5>𝑃>0.1
3	(V/3)	Allium sativum L.	49 ± 5.01	𝑃>0.5	82.5 ± 18.55	𝑃>0.5
4	(V/4)	Althaea officinalisL.	70 ± 20.05	𝑃>0.5	74.5 ± 14.54	𝑃>0.5
5	(V/5)	Bauhinia variegata L.	78 ± 4.04	0.5>𝑃>0.1	149.5 ± 19.9	0.5>𝑃>0.1
6	(V/6)	Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch	45 ± 0.00	0.5>𝑃>0.1	55 ± 1.00	𝑃>0.5
7	(V/7a)	Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (exudates)	31.5 ± 0.5	0.5>𝑃>0.1	141 ± 1.01	0.5>𝑃>0.1
8	(V/7b)	Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (flowers)	62.5 ± 2.52	0.5>𝑃>0.1	194 ± 12.12	0.5>𝑃>0.1
9	(V/8)	Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don	63.3 ± 4.14	0.5>𝑃>0.1	72 ± 2.02	𝑃>0.5
10	(V/9)	Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.	30.5 ± 13.63	0.5>𝑃>0.1	49 ± 24.24	𝑃>0.5
11	(V/10)	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad	47.5 ± 5.55	𝑃>0.5	74 ± 9.09	𝑃>0.5
12	(V/11)	Cuminum cyminum L.	67 ± 16.16	𝑃>0.5	157 ± 14.14	0.5>𝑃>0.1
13	(V/12)	Enicostemma hyssopifolium (Willd.) I. Verd.	85.25 ± 1.26	0.1>𝑃>0.05	168.5 ± 7.57	0.5>𝑃>0.1
14	(V/13)	Fagonia cretica L.	80 ± 7.82	0.5>𝑃>0.1	170 ± 13.13	0.5>𝑃>0.1
15	(V/14)	Leucas capitata Desf.	45.5 ± 7.52	𝑃>0.5	53.5 ± 0.50	𝑃>0.5
16	(V/15)	Matthiola incana (L.) W. T. Aiton	62 ± 8.08	0.5>𝑃>0.1	121 ± 5.05	0.5>𝑃>0.1
17	(V/16)	Momordica charantia L.	62.5 ± 7.52	0.5>𝑃>0.1	247 ± 46.13	0.5>𝑃>0.1
18	(V/17)	Nerium indicum Mill	88 ± 19.55	0.5>𝑃>0.1	235 ± 18.05	0.1>𝑃>0.05
19	(V/18)	Ocimum sanctum  L.	61.5 ± 7.52	0.5>𝑃>0.1	158 ± 10.02	0.5>𝑃>0.1
20	(V/19)	Pinus roxburghii Sarg	53 ± 9.02	𝑃>0.5	57 ± 13.03	𝑃>0.5
21	(V/20)	Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart	41.5 ± 1.5	0.5>𝑃>0.1	54.5 ± 0.50	𝑃>0.5
22	(V/21)	Psoralea corylifolia L.	54 ± 1.00	𝑃>0.5	66.5 ± 11.53	𝑃>0.5
23	(V/22)	Rhazya stricta Decne	66 ± 24.24	𝑃>0.5	132.5 ± 12.62	0.5>𝑃>0.1
24	(V/23)	Rubia cordifolia L.	65.5 ± 17.67	𝑃>0.5	129 ± 66.41	𝑃>0.5
25	(V/24)	Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn	56 ± 6.01	𝑃>0.5	78.5 ± 13.54	𝑃>0.5
26	(V/25)	Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem	46.5 ± 6.56	𝑃>0.5	70.5 ± 3.53	𝑃>0.5
27	(V/26)	Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight and Arn	47.5 ± 1.51	0.5>𝑃>0.1	78 ± 6.06	𝑃>0.5
28	(V/27)	Trichodesma indicum (L.) Sm	52 ± 0.00	𝑃>0.5	125 ± 4.01	0.5>𝑃>0.1
29	(V/28)	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	66.5 ± 32.59	𝑃>0.5	117.5 ± 9.52	0.5>𝑃>0.1
30	(V/29)	Reference standard antidote; (standard antisera /immunoglobulin’s)	52.5 ± 3.51	Select to compare	69.5 ± 18.55	Select to compare