Associations between Cognitive, Sociocontextual, and Affective Variables and Unprotected Anal Intercourse among Men Who Have Sex with Men—A Comparative Study Conducted in Two Chinese Cities
Table 2
Comparison of cognitive, contextual, social, and affective factors between Shenzhen and Hong Kong respondents.
All ()
Shenzhen ()
Hong Kong (3)
Shenzhen versus Hong Kong
Col%
Col%
Col%
ORu1 (95% CI)
ORadj2 (95% CI)
Cognitive factors
HIV-related knowledge
(i) Infectivity of a healthy-looking HIV-infected person
Correct
79.8
86.3
78.3
1.00
1.00
Incorrect
20.2
13.7
21.7
0.57 (0.31, 1.05)+
0.36 (0.17, 0.76)
**
(ii) Infectivity via kissing with a HIV-infected person
Correct
59.1
44.1
62.6
1.00
1.00
Incorrect
40.9
55.9
37.4
2.12 (1.37, 3.28)
**
2.53 (1.50, 4.27)
**
(iii) Detection of HIV one week after infection took place
Correct
74.4
44.1
81.5
1.00
1.00
Incorrect
25.6
55.9
18.5
5.59 (3.53, 8.85)
**
5.02 (2.89, 8.70)
**
Perceived chance of contracting HIV in the future
Extremely low/low
65.2
66.3
64.9
1.00
1.00
Moderate/high/extremely high
34.8
33.7
35.1
0.94 (0.59, 1.48)
0.75 (0.44, 1.28)
Perceived efficacy of condom use for HIV prevention
Extremely low/low/moderate
14.2
17.8
13.4
1.00
1.00
High/extremely high
85.8
82.2
86.6
0.71 (0.40, 1.27)
1.51 (0.74, 3.06)
Perceived discrimination toward MSM
No/a little
44.6
68.3
39.0
1.00
1.00
Some/very much
55.4
31.7
61.0
0.30 (0.19, 0.47)
**
0.37 (0.21, 0.64)
**
Contextual factors (last 12 months)
Always drink alcohol before having sex
No
84.7
81.2
85.5
1.00
1.00
Yes
15.3
18.8
14.5
1.36 (0.76, 2.42)
0.72 (0.36, 1.45)
Use of psychotropic substances
No
84.7
78.6
86.1
1.00
1.00
Yes
15.3
21.4
13.9
1.70 (0.97, 2.95)+
1.19 (0.63, 2.27)
Social factors
Can find someone to share sexual orientation
No
27.4
36.6
25.2
1.00
1.00
Yes
52.5
30.7
57.6
0.37 (0.22, 0.62)
**
0.32 (0.17, 0.59)
**
Do not feel such a need
20.1
32.7
17.1
1.31 (0.75, 2.29)
1.19 (0.60, 2.36)
Disclosure of sexual orientation to family members
Yes, disclosed to all family members
55.3
71.6
51.5
1.00
1.00
Disclosed to none or only some family members
44.7
28.4
48.5
0.42 (0.26, 0.67)
**
0.39 (0.23, 0.67)
**
Affective factors
Afraid of others knowing his MSM status
No
35.0
21.6
38.1
1.00
1.00
Yes
65.0
78.4
61.9
2.24 (1.34, 3.73)
**
2.85 (1.59, 5.11)
**
Accept one’s sexual orientation
No/almost no
14.2
32.4
10.0
1.00
1.00
Yes
85.8
67.6
90.0
0.23 (0.14, 0.39)
**
0.19 (0.10, 0.37)**
Perceived negative feelings associated with MSM status@
≤2 kinds of impacts
47.8
31.4
51.6
1.00
1.00
3~5 kinds of impacts
52.2
68.6
48.4
2.33 (1.44, 3.84)
**
3.02 (1.76, 5.20)
**
value < 0.01, value < 0.05, and value < 0.1.
1Odds ratio of univariate analysis.
2Odds ratio adjusting for sociodemographic variables significant in the stepwise multivariate analysis in Table 1.
@A variable was generated by combining responses to the 5 individual items related to perceived negative feelings associated with one’s MSM status (worry, shame, social exclusion, family/peer pressure, and afraid of contracting HIV). ORs and 95% CIs with were in bold.
