BioMed Research International

Research Article

Usefulness of Combining Galectin-3 and BIVA Assessments in Predicting Short- and Long-Term Events in Patients Admitted for Acute Heart Failure

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study subjects as a function of the subsequent development of events (in-hospital death and rehospitalization and death at 18-month follow-up) and total death.


	Total	Events			Death		value
	()	Yes ()	No ()		Yes ()	No ()
	(%)	(%)	(%)		(%)	(%)

Demographics
Age (years) (mean, SD)							0.08
Male	107 (56.1%)	48	59	0.37	24 (12.6%)	83 (43.6%)	0.41
Medical history
Prior heart failure	104 (54.73%)	47	57	0.42	24 (12.63%)	80 (42.10%)	0.56
CKD	58 (30.52%)	28	30	0.42	16 (8.42%)	42 (22.10%)	0.54
Hypertension	149 (78.42%)	64	85	0.05	32 (16.84%)	117 (61.5%)	0.47
Myocardial infarction	63 (33.15%)	29	34	0.54	15 (7.89%)	48 (25.26%)	0.83
CAD	67 (35.26%)	28	39	0.22	11 (5.78%)	56 (29.47%)	0.50
COPD	52 (27.36%)	31	33	0.39	17 (8.94%)	47 (24.73%)	0.67
Atrial fibrillation	79 (41.57%)	37	42	0.51	19 (10.0%)	60 (31.57%)	0.85
Diabetes mellitus	86 (45.26%)	47	39	0.02	22 (11.5%)	64 (33.6%)	0.80
Prior medication
ACE-i	54 (28.42%)	31	23	0.03	15 (7.89%)	39 (20.52%)	0.57
ARBs	26 (13.68%)	8	18	0.07	5 (2.63%)	21 (11.05%)	0.47
BB	115 (60.52%)	45	70	0.01	15 (7.89%)	100 (52.63%)	<0.001
Loop diuretic	124 (65.26%)	57	67	0.52	30 (15.78%)	94 (49.47%)	0.72
Nitrates	60 (31.57%)	25	25	0.29	13 (6.84%)	37 (19.47%)	0.84
Digoxin	20 (10.52%)	9	11	0.56	7 (3.68%)	13 (6.84%)	0.27
ASA	96 (50.52%)	43	53	0.45	18 (9.47%)	78 (41.05%)	0.43
NSAID	19 (10.0%)	11	8	0.19	2 (1.05%)	17 (8.94%)	0.12
Spironolactone	24 (12.63%)	13	20	0.27	7 (3.68%)	26 (13.68%)	0.58
Jugular venous distention	68 (35.78%)	31	37	0.52	17 (8.94%)	51 (26.84%)	0.87
Lower extremity edema	106 (55.78%)	46	60	0.22	21 (11.05%)	85 (44.73%)	0.77
Cough	39 (20.52%)	17	22	0.42	7 (3.68%)	32 (16.84%)	0.27
Orthopnea	136 (71.57%)	67	69	0.12	34 (17.89%)	102 (53.68%)	0.89
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea	88 (46.31%)	46	42	0.08	26 (13.68%)	62 (32.63%)	0.15
Chest pain	40 (21.05%)	16	24	0.23	7 (3.68%)	33 (17.36%)	0.23
Hepatojugular reflux	41 (21.57%)	25	16	0.02	7 (14.21%)	14 (7.36%)	0.11
Murmur	84 (44.21%)	39	47	0.46	22 (11.57%)	64 (33.68%)	0.80
Rales	149 (78.42%)	72	77	0.19	42 (22.10)	107 (56.31%)	0.36
Wheezing	145 (76.31%)	21	24	0.54	9 (4.73%)	36 (18.94%)	0.39
Edema	115 (60.52%)	58	57	0.16	28 (14.73%)	87 (45.78%)	0.87
Interstitial edema	120 (63.15%)	59	61	0.18	34 (17.89%)	86 (45.26%)	0.13
Pleural effusions	99 (52.10%)	46	53	0.54	28 (14.73%)	71 (37.36%)	0.23
Heart rate							0.59
SBP							0.75
DBP							0.31
sCr (mg/dL)							0.001
BUN (mg/dL)							0.005
eGFR							0.48
Na (mE/L)							0.16
Glucose							0.55
WBC							<0.001
HGB							0.86
RDW							0.61
BMI							0.95