Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Relationship with Diagnostic Challenge

Table 1

Proportions, locations, and gender distribution of urothelial carcinomas in dialysis patients.

Reference (country)	Proportions in dialysis patients			Proportions in urothelial carcinoma patients
	Dialysis patients ()	Urothelial carcinoma (%)	Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (%)	Female urothelial carcinoma (%)	Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (%)
Stewart et al. (Europe) [21]	296903	825 (0.3%)	165 (0.1%)	NA	165 (20.0%)
Stewart et al. (Australia and New Zealand) [21]	13497	87 (0.6%)	34 (0.3%)	NA	34 (39.1%)
Wang et al. (Taiwan) [17]	10890	98 (0.9%)	31 (0.3%)	65 (66.3%)	31 (31.6%)
Ou et al. (Taiwan) [25]	1910	17 (0.9%)	9 (0.5%)	12 (70.6%)	9 (52.9%)
Chen et al. (Taiwan) [23]	1333	16 (1.2%)	7 (0.5%)	9 (56.3%)	7 (43.8%)
Chang et al. (Taiwan) [22]	1537	26 (1.7%)	14 (0.9%)	14 (53.8%)	14 (53.9%)
Cuckovic et al. (Serbia) [24]	923	16 (1.7%)	10 (1.1%)	NA	10 (62.5%)

NA: not available.