Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Relationship with Diagnostic Challenge

Table 3

Proportions, locations, and gender distribution of UCs and UTUCs in kidney transplant recipients.

Reference (country)	Proportion in kidney transplant recipients		Proportion in kidney transplant recipients with urothelial carcinomas
	Kidney transplant recipients ()	Urothelial carcinoma (%)	Female (%)	Multifocal (%)	Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (%)
Einollahi et al. [44] (Iran)	5532	7; (0.1%)	2; (28.6%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Hoshida et al. [47] (Japan)	1744	2; (0.1%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Cox and Colli [43] (USA)	5920	11; (0.2%)	2; (18.2%)	0; (0.0%)	1; (9.1%)
Elkentaoui et al. [45] (France)	1350	5; (0.4%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Karczewski et al. [48] (Poland)	836	3; (0.4%)	1; (33.3%)	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Rogers et al. [50] (UK)	1647	8; (0.5%)	NA	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Gaya et al. [46] (UK)	274	3; (1.1%)	NA	0; (0.0%)	0; (0.0%)
Melchior et al. [49] (Germany)	802	8; (1.0%)	NA	0; (0.0%)	2; (25.0%)
Tsaur et al. [51] (Germany)	2001	21; (1.1%)	12; (57.1%)	4; (19.1%)	6; (28.6%)
Liu et al. [38] (China)	2572	24; (0.9%)	14; (58.3%)	15; (62.5%)	21; (87.5%)
Hao et al. [33] (China)	1945	19; (1.0%)	NA	7; (36.8%)	15; (79.0%)
Hu et al. [34] (China)	1293	21; (1.6%)	17; (81.0%)	9; (42.9%)	15; (71.4%)
Li et al. [36] (China)	1429	27; (1.9%)	21; (77.8%)	3; (11.1%)	11; (40.7%)
Xiao et al. [41] (China)	3790	100; (2.6%)	NA	53; (58.9%)*	68; (75.6%)
Liao et al. [37] (Taiwan)	663	17; (2.6%)	NA	11; (64.7%)	14; (82.4%)
Wang et al. [39] (Taiwan)	320	10; (3.1%)	8; (80.0%)	4; (40.0%)	6; (60.0%)
Zhang et al. [42] (China)	3462	112; (3.2%)	NA	69; (61.6%)	93; (83.0%)
Kao et al. [35] (Taiwan)	670	24; (3.6%)	15; (62.5%)	19; (79.2%)	21; (87.5%)
Wu et al. [40] (Taiwan)	730	30; (4.1%)	19; (63.3%)	23; (76.7%)	28; (93.3%)

NA: not available.
*Based on 90 UC patients meeting the inclusion criteria of pathological samples.