Effects of Exercise on Spinal Deformities and Quality of Life in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Table 4

Results of exercise and control group in included studies.

(a)

Citation	Outcomes	Exercise group					Control group					values
		Pretest	Posttest	Follow-up			Pretest	Posttest	Follow-up
Monticone et al. (2014) [43]	Cobb angle (degree)	19.3 (3.9)	14.0 (2.4)	14.3 (2.3)	−5.3 (0.6)	−4.9 (0.4)	19.2 (2.5)	20.9 (2.2)	22.0 (1.6)	1.7 (0.3)	2.8 (0.4)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.861^#; <0.001^##
	Angle of trunk rotation (degree)	7.1 (1.4)	3.6 (1.1)	3.3 (1.1)	−3.5 (0.2)	3.7 (0.2)	6.9 (1.3)	6.6 (1.2)	6.5 (1.1)	−0.2 (0.1)	−0.4 (0.1)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.403^#; <0.001^##
	SRS-22
	Function (0–5)	3.8 (0.5)	4.7 (0.2)	4.8 (0.2)	0.89 (0.07)	1.0 (0.07)	3.9 (0.5)	4.0 (0.4)	3.9 (0.4)	0.09 (0.03)	0.01 (0.04)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.404^#; <0.001^##
	Pain (0–5)	3.8 (0.4)	4.6 (0.3)	4.7 (0.2)	0.82 (0.05)	0.89 (0.06)	3.9 (0.5)	4.3 (0.3)	4.2 (0.4)	0.45 (0.06)	0.33 (0.06)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.383^#; <0.001^##
	Image (0–5)	3.6 (0.6)	4.4 (0.3)	4.6 (0.3)	0.82 (0.07)	1.0 (0.08)	3.4 (0.6)	3.7 (0.5)	3.6 (0.4)	0.30 (0.03)	0.21 (0.04)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.094^#; <0.001^##
	Mental health (0–5)	3.8 (0.6)	4.5 (0.3)	4.7 (0.2)	0.75 (0.07)	0.95 (0.08)	3.9 (0.6)	4.01 (0.5)	3.8 (0.4)	0.11 (0.03)	−0.1 (0.04)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.433^#; <0.001^##
	Satisfaction	NR	4.8 (0.3)	4.9 (0.3)	NR	NR	NR	4.0 (0.5)	4.2 (0.5)	NR	NR	<0.001^##
Kuru et al. (2015) [44]	Cobb angle (degree)	33.4 (8.9)	NR	30.87 (8.9)	NR	−2.53	30.3 (6.6)	NR	33.3 (6.6)	NR	3.13	0.397^#; 0.006^###
	Angle of trunk rotation (degree)	11.9 (5.2)	NR	7.66 (5.24)	NR	−4.23 (4.78)	8.4 (2.9)	NR	10.5 (4.21)	NR	2.06 (2.09)	0.106^#; 0.000^###
	SRS-23	3.9 (0.6)	NR	4.23 (0.7)	NR	0.33 (0.34)	4.1 (0.4)	NR	4.07 (0.4)	NR	−0.03 (0.23)	0.452^#; 0.131^###
Diab (2012) [45]	Thoracic kyphosis	8.9 (0.9)	10.4 (1.1)	10 (1.05)	NR	NR	8.8 (1.5)	9 (1.8)	8.9 (1.7)	NR	NR	0.001^##; 0.004^###
	Lumbar lordosis	18.6 (5.4)	21.6 (1.8)	20.9 (1.9)	NR	NR	18.1 (5.5)	20 (1.7)	19.2 (1.6)	NR	NR	0.01^##; 0.017^###
	Lateral deviation	16.8 (2.3)	14.3 (2.3)	14.7 (2.4)	NR	NR	15.1 (1.8)	14.5 (1.6)	15.5 (1.7)	NR	NR	0.001^##; 0.002^###
	Functional index	13.9 (1.7)	10.7 (0.9)	10 (0.9)	NR	NR	16.1 (1.7)	11.9 (0.8)	13.8 (1.9)	NR	NR	0.8^##; 0.001^###

(b)

Citation	Outcomes	Exercise group			Control group			values
		Pretest	Posttest		Pretest	Posttest
Noh et al. (2014) [46]	Cobb angle (degree)	21.6 (10.1)	13.5 (12)	8.1 (4.5)	19 (7)	14.7 (7.2)	4.3 (2.1)	<0.001^†; <0.001^‡; 0.003^##
	Thoracic kyphosis	26.7 (12.6)	25.5 (9.3)	1.2 (9.9)	24.3 (8.1)	24.5 (7.5)	−0.2 (7)	0.611^†; 0.904^‡; 0.625^##
	Lumbar lordosis	52.8 (17.8)	47.7 (6.7)	5 (14.2)	45.6 (12.8)	49 (7.4)	−3.3 (13.4)	0.176^†; 0.332^‡; 0.095^##
	SRS22
	Function (0–5)	4.1 (2)	4.7 (1)	NR	4.4 (0.8)	4.6 (1)	NR	0.027^†; 0.083^‡; 0.931^#; 0.216^##
	Pain (0–5)	4.5 (2.4)	4.9 (1)	NR	3.8 (1.6)	4.6 (2.4)	NR	0.026^†; 0.066^‡; 0.140^#; 0.190^##
	Image (0–5)	3.3 (1.2)	4.2 (1)	NR	2.9 (0.8)	3.4 (1)	NR	0.011^†; 0.102^‡; 0.343^#; 0.026^##
	Mental health (0–5)	4 (3)	4.6 (1.4)	NR	3 (1.4)	4 (1.2)	NR	0.026^†; 0.066^‡; 0.228^#; 0.121^##
	Satisfaction	NR	5 (1)	NR	NR	4 (1)	NR	0.039^##
	Total	3.8 (1.8)	4.5 (0.4)	NR	3.5 (1.1)	4.1 (1.4)	NR	0.012^†; 0.066^‡; 0.306^#; 0.041^##
Negrini et al. (2006) [47]	Cobb angle (degree)	30.6 (10.8)	NR	−5.7 (5.6)	31.3 (11.3)	NR	−3.4 (11.3)	<0.05
Negrini et al. (2006) [48]	Cobb angle (degree)	15.3 (5.4)	NR	−3.2 (6.2)	14.9 (6)	NR	NR	<0.05
Weiss and Klein (2006) [49]	Lateral deviation (mm)	15.4 (5.1)	13.1 (5)	2.31 (5.6)	13.5 (6.8)	13.1 (6.2)	0.32 (2.5)	0.1^†; 0.6^‡
	Thoracic kyphosis angle (degree)	46.5 (8)	45.8 (7.7)	NR	48.8 (11)	46.8 (10.2)	NR	>0.05^†; >0.05^‡
Weiss et al. (2002) [50]	Lateral deviation (mm)	NR	NR	1.50	NR	NR	0.94	0.030^†; 0.103^‡
Negrini et al. (2008) [51]	Cobb angle (degree)	NR	NR	−0.67	NR	NR	1.38	<0.05^†; <0.05^‡
	Angle of trunk rotation (degree)	NR	NR	0.12	NR	NR	0.52	>0.05^†; >0.05^‡

 ^†Pretest versus posttest in exercise group; ^‡pretest versus posttest in control group; ^#between-group comparison at baseline; ^##between-group comparison at posttest; ^###between-group comparison at follow-up; , difference between pretest and posttest; , difference between pretest and follow-up; comparison of mean difference between two groups; significant at ; NR, not reported.