The Impact of Endometriosis across the Lifespan of Women: Foreseeable Research and Therapeutic Prospects

Table 1

Possible future therapeutics for endometriosis and endometriosis-related systemic inflammation.

Representative compound	Class/category	Mode(s) of action	Representative references
Intraperitoneal compartment: disease process and inflammation
Pycnogenol	Diet/supplement	Nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor	[19]
Novel compounds	Pharmaceuticals	Angiogenesis inhibition	[20, 21]
Resveratrol, other novel compounds	Diet/supplement or pharmaceuticals	Sirtuin 1 pathway/anti-inflammatory	[22]
Melatonin	Supplement	Antioxidant	[23–25]
Novel compounds, vitamin D/analogues	Pharmaceuticals or vitamin D plus progesterone	Semaphorins and plexins/cell attachment	[26–29]
Novel biopharmaceutical compounds	siRNA	Inflammatory monocytes	[30]
AH6809, AH23848	Prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER2 or PTGER4) antagonists	Prostaglandin E2 antagonism	[31–33]
Novel compounds	Histone deacetylase inhibitors	Epigenetic modification	[1]
Intraperitoneal and systemic inflammation: interface between compartments
Statins	Well-known pharmaceuticals	Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and anti-inflammatory	[20, 34]
Metformin	Well-known pharmaceutical	Anti-inflammatory	[35]
Omega-3-fatty acid, novel compounds	Diet/supplement or pharmaceuticals	Anti-inflammatory and inflammatory monocytes via GPR120	[36]
Spironolactone (recent study in CAPD)	Well-known pharmaceutical	Intraperitoneal and systemic inflammatory via aldosterone receptor antagonism	[37]
Colchicine	Well-known pharmaceutical	Intraperitoneal and systemic inflammatory via multiple modes of action	[38, 39]