Educational Effectiveness, Target, and Content for Prudent Antibiotic Use

Table 1

Antimicrobial stewardship strategies.

Strategies	Interventions
Educational programs	(i) Guidelines and leaflets; (ii) Interactive seminars; (iii) Educational outreach visit; (iv) Mailing campaigns; (v) Small group education focusing on evidence-based medicine and communication skills; (vi) Patient education
Restrictive programs	(i) Audit and feedback; (ii) Delayed prescriptions; (iii) Clinical rounds discussing cases; (iv) Compulsory antibiotic order form; (v) Regulating contacts with the pharmaceutical industry; (vi) Financial and regulatory disincentives
Supportive programs	(i) Multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team; (ii) Financial and regulatory incentives; (iii) Computer-assisted management program; (iv) Clinician reminder and decision support system; (v) Therapeutic drug monitoring service