|
| References | Cells utilized | In vivo models | Transplantation strategies | Results |
| Time point | Quantity | Location |
|
| Cao et al. [34] | CNTF-expressing OPCs and regular OPCs | Contusive spinal cord injury (T9) | 8 days after injury | 4 × 105 | 1 mm cranial and caudal to the lesion;
left and right of the lesion | Implanted OPCs develop into mature oligodendrocytes
tcMMEPs and MIER confirm a progressive recovery in both CNTF-expressing and regular OPCs, though it is more significant in the former group |
|
| Franklin et al. [35] | LacZ labeled CG4 cell line | X-irradiation pretreatment
(T12 to L4)
Ethidium bromide-induced demyelination | — | — | Lesion center; adjacent areas; remote areas | Cells survive, migrate, and are remyelinated better in irradiated cords than nonirradiated cords
In nonirradiated cords, adjacently transplanted cells contribute to remyelination, whereas remotely transplanted cells do not |
|
| Lee et al. [36] | O-2A cells from P2 rat brain | Contusive spinal cord injury
(T9) | 7 days after injury | 5 × 105 | Lesion center | Transplanted cells survive and differentiate into oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes or neurons
A significant improvement in hindlimb performance
There are no differences in SSEPs study, but the latency of MEPs is shorter in transplantation group |
|
| Rosenbluth et al. [37] | Transgenic mice with LacZ gene under control of MBP promoter | Contusive spinal cord injury
(T9 to T10) | 1 day–16 days after injury | 1 × 106 | Lesion center | Cells move rostrocaudally over considerable distances and more readily to demyelinated areas
Some of the cells succeed in myelin formation |
|
| Bambakidis and Miller [38] | OPCs from P0 rat spinal cords | Contusive spinal cord injury
(T9 to T10) | 5 days after injury | 1.5 × 105 | Lesion center | Transplantation of OPCs with or without SHH improves axonal conduction (MEPs) and hindlimbs motor function
The benefits seem more pronounced with the addition of SHH |
|
| Sun et al. [39] | mESCs-derived OPCs | Irradiation spinal cord injury
(C4-C5) | 4 months after irradiation | 2 × 105 | 4 mm cranial and caudal to the irradiated site | Transplanted mESCs-derived OPCs survive, migrate, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes within the irradiated lesion
Histological examination shows a narrowed cavitation and a dorsal funiculus with increased densities
Locomotion of fore limbs is improved in transplantation group |
|
| Keirstead et al. [40] | hESCs-derived OPCs | Contusion spinal cord injury
(T10) | 7 days and 10 months after injury | 1.5 × 106 | 4 mm cranial and caudal to the lesion center | 7-day group: OPCs survive, differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and remyelinate axons; BBB scores are significantly higher in OPCs-treated rats
10-day group: OPCs survive and differentiate into oligodendrocytes but do not participate in remyelination; there is no improvement in BBB scores |
|
| Sharp et al. [41] | hESCs-derived OPCs | Contusion spinal cord injury
(C5) | 7 days after injury | 1.5 × 106 | Cranial and caudal to the lesion center (interval is unknown) | Transplanted cells survive, redistribute, and differentiate in the injury sites; OPCs-remyelination efficiency is much higher
BBB scores, forelimb stride length, and range of motion are improved significantly
OPCs transplantation improves axon sparing and attenuates cavitation; it also alters the injury-induced gene expression (IL10, Fas, HGF, etc.) |
|
| All et al. [42] | hESCs-derived OPCs | Contusion spinal cord injury (T8) | 2 hours after injury | 1 × 106 | Lesion site;
4 mm cranial and 1 mm left;
4 mm caudal and 1 mm right | Transplanted cells survive and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes while no astrogenesis is observed
OPCs transplantation shows improvement in SSEPs amplitudes and latencies
Cavitation in treated group is attenuated, and LFB staining is much higher |
|
| Kerr et al. [43] | hESCs-derived OPCs | Contusion spinal cord injury (T8) | 3 and 24 hours after injury | 1.5 × 105
5 × 105,
respectively | T7 and T9
And T8 | Transplanted cells survive and migrate well without tumor or cyst formation
Behavioral and electrophysiological examination improves in the OPCs-treated group |
|
| Czepiel et al. [44] | iPSCs-derived OPCs | In vitro: coculture of iPSCs-derived OPCs and DRGs
In vivo: cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model | — | 1 × 105 | Corpus callosum | In vitro: extensive myelin formation around naked axons
In vivo: 80% cells do not survive the injection, while survived ones develop into mature oligodendrocytes
Teratoma is seen in rats treated with cells containing undifferentiated iPSCs |
|
| Pouya et al. [45] | iPSCs-derived OPCs | Optic chiasm demyelination by lysolecithin | 1 week after lysolecithin administration | 2 × 105 | Chiasm | A reduction in latencies of VEPs in transplantation group is seen
Transplanted OPCs integrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes |
|
| All et al. [46] | iPSCs-derived OPCs | Contusion spinal cord injury
(T8) | 24 hours after injury | 5 × 105 | Lesion site | OPCs transplantation reduces cavitation, scars formation, and microglial proliferation
Transplanted OPCs differentiate and are remyelinated in the lesion
BBB scores improvement is only significantly seen after the first month |
|
| Douvaras et al. [47] | OPCs induced from iPSCs derived from MS patients (hiPSCs-derived OPCs);
hESCs-derived OPCs | Shiverer/rag2 mice | — | 1 × 105 (5 × 104 each side) | Bilaterally at a depth of 1.1 mm into the corpus callosum | OPCs can be efficiently generated from hiPSCs
Very few hiPSCs-OPCs differentiate into astrocytes, and no neurons are found
Transplanted hiPSCs-OPCs are myelinated in the brain |
|
| Czepeil et al. [48] | iPSCs-derived OPCs with overexpression of STX | In vitro: coculture of iPSCs-derived OPCs and DRGs
In vivo: cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse model | — | 1 × 105 | Corpus callosum | STX-treated OPCs show a significantly increased migratory ability in vitro and in vivo
Survival and maturation pattern of STX-treated and control OPCs are similar |
|
