A Heparan Sulfate-Binding Cell Penetrating Peptide for Tumor Targeting and Migration Inhibition

Table 2

Multifunctional CPPs for tumor suppression.

Name/sequence	Function	Mechanism	Cell line	Tumor mouse model	Ref.
CPPecp/NYRWRCKNQN	Cell penetrating; HS binding; Antimigration; Antiangiogenesis; Tumor targeting	Block putative HS coreceptor for growth factor	CT-26; HUVEC	Murine colon carcinoma CT-26	[12–14]
Crotamine/YKQCHKKGGHCFPKEKICLPPSSDFGKMDCRWRWKCCKKGSG	Cell penetrating; HS binding; Antiproliferation; Tumor targeting	Interact with lysosomes to trigger intracellular Ca^2+ transients and alter mitochondrial membrane potential	B16F10; CHO-K1	Murine melanoma (B16F10); Murine mammary carcinoma (TS/A-pc, TS/A-pc-pGL3)	[34, 57]
NFL-TBS. (40–63)/YSSYSAPVSSSLSVRRSYSSSSGS	Cell penetrating; Antimigration; Antiproliferation; Apoptosis-inducing; Antitumor growth	Inhibit polymerization of microtubules	Human glioblastoma (T98G); Rat glioblastoma (F98); Rat gliosarcoma (9L)	Murine glioblastoma (F98)	[72, 73]
TAT peptide (46–57)/SYGRKKRRQRRR	Cell penetrating; HS binding; Antiangiogenesis; Apoptosis-inducing	Inhibit VEGF binding to HUVEC and inhibit phosphorylation of ERK	HUVEC	×	[25, 74]
p28/LSTAADMQGVVTDGMASGLDKDYLKPDD	Cell penetrating; Antiangiogenesis; Antitumor growth	Inhibit phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, FAK, and Akt	HUVEC	Human melanoma (UISO-Mel-6)	[75]