Antiherpes Activity and Skin/Mucosa Distribution of Flavonoids from Achyrocline satureioides Extract Incorporated into Topical Nanoemulsions
Table 5
Flavonoid permeation and retention (µg/cm2) using intact and impaired skin and mucosa.
QCT
LUT
3-O-MQ
Total
Skin
Intact
Epidermis
0.35 ± 0.08
0.50 ± 0.05
1.30 ± 0.25
2.20 ± 0.29
Dermis
ND
ND
0.08 ± 0.02
0.08 ± 0.02
Impaired
Epidermis
1.04 ± 0.32*
1.33 ± 0.26*
4.63 ± 0.89*
7.03 ± 1.19
Dermis
0.18 ± 0.01
0.75 ± 0.14
2.41 ± 0.54*
3.22 ± 0.73
Mucosa
Intact
Upper layers
0.60 ± 0.08#
0.47 ± 0.07
1.97 ± 0.30
3.03 ± 0.44
Deeper layers
0.33 ± 0.07
0.31 ± 0.06
1.16 ± 0.22#
1.80 ± 0.34
Receptor
ND
ND
0.68 ± 0.14
0.68 ± 0.14
Impaired
Deeper layers
2.25 ± 0.47*#
1.47 ± 0.34*#
7.47 ± 1.39*#
11.19 ± 2.18
Receptor
1.69 ± 0.50
2.71 ± 0.53
3.22 ± 1.26*
7.62 ± 1.32
ND: not detected; significant statistical differences were determined by Tukey’s test (); differences between intact and impaired tissues were represented by
, while differences between skin and mucosa were represented by #.
