Obesity and Cancer Progression: Is There a Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism?

Table 1

Summary of regulators of fatty acid metabolism and their effects on cancer cell biology.

Regulator of	Cancer type	Alteration	Associated outcome	Reference(s)
FA metabolism
LPL	Prostate	Increased activity	Increased susceptibility	[17]
	Cervical	Enhanced protein expression	Increased invasion capacity	[18]
	Rectal and skin	Increased activity	Increased tumor growth	[19]
	Lung	Increased activity	Lower overall survival	[20, 21]
CD36/FAT	Colon and ovarian	Decreased gene expression	Higher metastatic capacity	[22]
	Breast	Decreased gene expression	Higher metastatic capacity	[23]
FATP	Liver	Increased gene expression	Enhanced progression	[24]
FABP4	Breast	Decreased gene expression	N/A	[25]
	Bladder	Low gene expression	Increased tumor progression and invasion capacity	[26–29]
	Prostate	Increased protein expression	Increased migration and invasion capacities	[30]
	Ovarian	Increased protein expression	Increased migration and invasion capacities	[31]
FABP5	Breast	Increased gene expression	Higher metastatic capacity and lower recurrence-free and overall survival	[32, 33]
	Endometrial	Increased gene expression	No correlated clinical outcome	[34]
	Liver and pancreatic	Increased protein expression	N/A	[35, 36]
	Prostate	Increased gene expression	Increased tumor progression	[37]
		Decreased gene expression	Increased invasion capacity and tumor growth	[26, 38, 39]
FABP7	Breast	Increased gene expression	Lower recurrence rate, improved survival	[40, 41]
		Increased nuclear localization	Increased proliferation, pleomorphism, and tumor stage	[42]
	Primary melanoma	Increased gene expression	N/A	[43]
	Renal	Increased gene expression	No correlated clinical outcome	[44, 45]
ACSL3	Glioblastoma	Increased protein expression	Increased malignant phenotype	[46]
	Colon	Increased gene and protein expression	N/A	[47]
ACSL4	Liver	Increased gene expression	Increased proliferation	[48]
ACSL5	Colon	Increased gene expression	Increased proliferation	[49]
AGPAT2	Ovarian	Increased protein and gene expression	Reduced overall survival and higher tumor grade, mitotic index, and tumor stage	[50–52]
AGPAT11	Breast, cervical, and colon	Increased gene expression	Higher tumor grade	[53]
AGPAT9	Colorectal	Increased gene and protein expression	Increased cell growth	[54]
ATGL	Lung and skin	Increased ATGL activity	Increased tumor growth and cancer-associated cachexia	[55]
HSL	Gastrointestinal	Increased gene and protein expression	Cancer-associated cachexia	[56]
	Colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal	Increased gene expression	N/A	[57]
MAGL	Colorectal	Increased gene and protein expression	N/A	[58]
	Ovarian, breast, melanoma, and prostate	Increased gene expression	Aggressiveness	[59]
CPT1A	Ovarian	Increased gene expression	Increased tumor growth	[31]
	Breast	Increased gene and protein expression and activity	N/A	[60]
	Glioblastoma	Increased gene expression	Higher tumor grade	[61]
CPT1C	Lung	Increased gene expression	N/A	[62]
	Glioblastoma	Increased gene expression	Higher tumor grade	[61]
ACC1	Breast	Increased protein expression	Increased tumor progression	[63, 64]
	Prostate	Increased gene expression	N/A	[65]
	Lung	Decreased activity	Increased overall survival	[66]
	Liver	Increased gene expression	N/A	[67]