Pharmacological Preconditioning by Adenosine A2a Receptor Stimulation: Features of the Protected Liver Cell Phenotype

Figure 2

Molecular mechanisms involved in the lipotoxic effects of free fatty acids and in their protection upon A2aR stimulation. Stearic acid (SA) induces primary rat hepatocyte apoptosis by activating JNK-1/2 through the stimulation of MKK4/SEK1. A2aR activation prevents apoptosis by a PI3K/Akt-dependent inhibition of MKK4/SEK1. (See also text and [51, 67].)