Electroencephalographic Changes Associated with Antinociceptive Actions of Lidocaine, Ketamine, Meloxicam, and Morphine Administration in Minimally Anaesthetized Dogs

Table 1

Pre- and posttreatment absolute values (mean ± SE) of MF (Hz) with their percentage change (mean values) after lidocaine and ketamine infusion.

Treatment	Before treatment	% change	Dose 1	% change	Dose 2	% change
MF (LCRI)
Before stimulation	8.88 ± 2.58^c		8.75 ± 2.01^c		9.03 ± 1.38^c
After stimulation	16.82 ± 4.44^a	118.84	13.52 ± 2.38^b	94.88	13.5 ± 3.06^b	66.93
MF (KCRI)
Before stimulation	9.78 ± 1.54^c		10.54 ± 3.84^c		8.72 ± 3.1^c
After stimulation	20.21 ± 3.59^a	104.84	13.33 ± 3.71^b	57.69	12.69 ± 3.68^b	55.08

Means within a row and column in each treatment group followed by different letters are significantly different at (). MF = median frequency. LCRI = lidocaine continuous rate infusion. Dose 1 = 2 mg/kg loading + 50 mg/kg/min (lidocaine) and 3 mg/kg loading + 10 mg/kg/min (ketamine). Dose 2 = 100 mg/kg/min (lidocaine) and 50 mg/kg/min (ketamine).