Prehospital Volume Therapy as an Independent Risk Factor after Trauma

Table 5

Multivariate regressions analysis in patients after severe trauma.

		Odds ratio	95% CI
Age, y
0–54	5262	Reference
55–64	826	1.88	1.48–2.39
65–74	818	4.22	3.41–5.25
≥75	735	11.76	9.44–14.65
Revised Trauma Score
GCS 13–15	3778	Reference
GCS 9–12	1120	1.46	1.15–1.87
GCS 8–6	901	1.80	1.39–2.34
GCS 5-4	407	3.14	2.29–4.30
GCS 3	1435	4.35	3.44–5.52
Prehospital blood pressure, mmHg
≥91	5956	Reference
61–90	1306	1.40	1.17–1.68
0–60	379	2.48	1.83–3.38
Blunt trauma	7337	Reference
Penetrating trauma	304	1.63	1.14–2.35
Prehospital intubation	4856	1.46	1.16–1.83
Prehospital catecholamines	812	1.54	1.24–1.92
Prehospital resuscitation	248	1.81	1.22–2.68
Prehospital chest tube	561	0.87	0.67–1.14
NISS		1.06	1.05–1.06
AIS head ≥ 4	3187	1.41	1.17–1.68
Prehospital volume, mL
0–500	1597	Reference
501–1000	2047	0.91	0.73–1.14
1001–1500	1530	0.91	0.71–1.12
1501–2000	1161	1.10	0.79–1.35
≥2001	1306	1.34	1.02–1.73

GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale. ISS: Injury Severity Score. NISS: New Injury Severity Score. AIS: Abbreviated Injury Scale.