Current and New Approaches in GMO Detection: Challenges and Solutions

Table 2

Representative examples illustrating simplex qPCR methods targeting GMO. Those validated at the EU level are indicated by an asterisk. Screening markers used in the CoSYPS are indicated by ~.

Methods	Chemistries	Targets		References
Screening markers
Plant-specific	SYBR Green	RBCL		[37]
Taxon-specific	SYBR Green	LEC		[35]
	SYBR Green	ADH		[37]
	SYBR Green	CRU		[37]
	SYBR Green	PLD		[37]
	SYBR Green	SAD1		[35]
	SYBR Green	GLU		[35]
Element-specific	SYBR Green	p35S		[31]
	TaqMan	p35S		[38]
	SYBR Green	tNOS		[31]
	TaqMan	tNOS		[38]
	SYBR Green	pFMV		[39]
	TaqMan	pFMV		[35]
	SYBR Green	pNOS		[39]
	SYBR Green	t35S		In-house
	SYBR Green	Cry1Ab/Ac		[40]
	TaqMan	Cry1A(b)		[35]
	SYBR Green	Cry3Bb		[34]
	SYBR Green	pat		[40]
	TaqMan	pat		[35]
	SYBR Green	bar		[40]
	TaqMan	bar		[35]
	SYBR Green	CP4-EPSPS		[40]
	SYBR Green	t35S pCAMBIA		[33]
	SYBR Green	nptII		[35]
Construct-specific	SYBR Green	gat-tpinII		[34]
Virus-specific	SYBR Green	CRT		In-house
Event-specific methods
GM-specific	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	3272	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	5307	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	98140	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	Bt11	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	Bt176	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	DAS-40278-9	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	DAS-59122-7	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	GA21	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	LY038	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MIR162	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MIR604	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MON810	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MON863	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MON87460	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MON88017	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	MON89034	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	NK603	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	T25	[35]
	TaqMan	Maize (Zea mays)	TC1507	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	A2704-12	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	A5547-127	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	BPS-CV-127	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	DAS68416-4	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	DP-305423-1	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	DP-356043-5	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	FG72	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	GTS40-3-2	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	MON87701	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	MON87705	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	MON87708	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	MON87769	[35]
	TaqMan	Soybean (Glycine max)	MON89788	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	281-24-236	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	3006-210-23	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	GHB119	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	GHB614	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	LLCOTTON25	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	MON531	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	MON1445	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	MON15985	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	MON88913	[35]
	TaqMan	Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)	T304-40	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	73496	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	GT73	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	MON88302	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Ms1	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Ms8	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Rf1	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Rf2	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Rf3	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	T45	[35]
	TaqMan	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus)	Topas 19/2	[35]
	TaqMan	Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	EH92-527-1	[35]
	TaqMan	Rice (Oryza sativa)	LLRICE62	[35]
	TaqMan	Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)	H7-1	[35]

ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase I gene from maize); bar (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferases gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus); CP4-EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain); CRT (reverse transcriptase gene from the cauliflower mosaic virus); CRU (cruciferin gene from colza); Cry (gene encoding the Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin); gat-tpinII (junction sequence between the glyphosate N-acetyltransferase of Bacillus licheniformis and the terminator of the Solanum tuberosum proteinase inhibitor); GLU (glutamine synthetase gene from sugar beet); LEC (lectin gene from soybean); nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II gene); p35S (promoter of the 35 S cauliflower mosaic virus); pat (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferases gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes); pFMV (promoter of the figwort mosaic virus); phy (phytase gene from maize); PLD (phospholipase D gene from rice); pNOS (promoter of the nopaline synthase gene); RBCL (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase); SAD1 (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene from cotton); t35S (terminator of the cauliflower mosaic virus); t35S pCAMBIA (terminator of the cauliflower mosaic virus from pCAMBIA vector); tNOS (terminator of the nopaline synthase gene).