Elevated Serum Levels of Cysteine and Tyrosine: Early Biomarkers in Asymptomatic Adults at Increased Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome

Table 3

Associations between amino acids and components of MetS and inflammatory parameters before and after adjustment for age, gender, protein intake, RMR, and fitness index.

(a) Variables: components of MetS and markers of inflammation (r, P)^a

AA; (μmol/L)	WC; (cm)	ABSI; (m^11/6/kg^2/3)	SBP; (mmHg)	ADI; (mg/L)	TNF-α; (ng/L)	Visfatin; (μg/L)	Glc; (mmol/L)	HDL-c; (mmol/L)	TG; (mmol/L)	CRP; (mg/L)	IR
Ala	0.15; ns	0.15; ns	0.21; 0.044	−0.11; ns	0.06; ns	0.28; 0.010	0.43; 0.000	−0.10; ns	0.26; 0.013	−0.05; ns	0.31; 0.003
Gly	−0.35; 0.001	−0.29; 0.015	−0.26; 0.012	0.18; ns	−0.13; ns	0.15; Ns	−0.20; ns	0.06; ns	−0.32; 0.002	−0.28; 0.006	−0.33; 0.001
Leu	0.55; 0.000	0.31; 0.007	0.30; 0.003	−0.38; 0.001	0.22; 0.039	0.06; Ns	0.34; 0.001	−0.34; 0.001	0.22; 0.032	0.08; ns	0.30; 0.004
Cys	0.51; 0.000	0.33; 0.002	0.00; ns	−0.24; 0.049	0.27; 0.010	0.07; Ns	0.22; 0.038	−0.31; 0.002	0.18; ns	0.40; 0.000	0.35; 0.001
Phe	0.41; 0.000	0.21; ns	0.05; ns	−0.14; ns	0.25; 0.018	−0.03; Ns	0.25; 0.016	−0.26; 0.012	0.08; ns	0.14; ns	0.26; 0.011
Tyr	0.62; 0.000	0.32; 0.005	0.23; 0.024	−0.29; 0.018	0.30; 0.005	0.13; Ns	0.23; 0.026	−0.24; 0.020	0.21; 0.044	0.31; 0.003	0.36; 0.000

(b) Correlation coefficients adjusted for age, gender, protein intake, RMR, and FI (r, P)^b

AA; (μmol/L)	WC; (cm)	ABSI; (m^11/6/kg^2/3)	SBP; (mmHg)	ADI; (mg/L)	TNF-α; (ng/L)	Visfatin; (μg/L)	Glc; (mmol/L)	HDL-c; (mmol/L)	TG; (mmol/L)	CRP; (mg/L)	IR
Ala	0.08; ns	0.13; ns	0.12; ns	−0.03; ns	0.04; ns	0.25; 0.05	0.48; 0.000	−0.12; ns	0.26; 0.045	−0.09; ns	0.19; ns
Gly	−0.31; 0.016	−0.23; 0.025	−0.18; ns	0.15; ns	−0.06; ns	0.15; ns	−0.16; ns	0.16; ns	−0.36; 0.006	−0.38; 0.004	−0.23; ns
Leu	0.49; 0.000	0.27; 0.009	0.23; ns	−0.27; 0.038	0.31; 0.012	0.05; ns	0.39; 0.003	−0.29; 0.026	0.14; ns	0.26; ns	0.35; 0.008
Cys	0.51; 0.000	0.32; 0.002	−0.06; ns	−0.20; ns	0.26; 0.038	0.07; ns	0.19; ns	−0.28; 0.032	0.10; ns	0.38; 0.003	0.44; 0.001
Phe	0.36; 0.006	0.17; ns	−0.08; ns	−0.18; ns	0.28; 0.035	−0.21; ns	0.32; 0.014	−0.27; 0.038	−0.02; ns	0.16; ns	0.19; ns
Tyr	0.50; 0.000	0.27; 0.009	0.11; ns	−0.20; ns	0.16; 0.027	0.03; ns	0.24; ns	−0.23; ns	0.11; ns	0.29; 0.029	0.31; 0.020

AA: amino acids in serum; ABSI: a body shape index; ADI: adiponectin; CRP: C-reactive protein; Glc: glucose; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IR: model assessment for insulin resistance; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TG: triacylglycerol; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; WC: waist circumference.
Pearson correlation coefficients, crude^a and adjusted for age and gender, protein intake, RMR, and FI^b. Bold entries indicate significant correlations ( < 0.05).