Lipopeptides as the Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents: Applications in Food Safety and Therapeutics

Table 2

Applications of lipopeptides in medical field.

Microorganisms	Biosurfactant type	Activity/application
Bacillus subtilis MZ-7 and B. amyloliquefaciens ES-2	Surfactin	Antimicrobial and antifungal activities [32–35]; inhibition of fibrin clot formation [36]; hemolysis and formation of ion channels in lipid membranes [32]; antitumor activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma cells and antiviral activity against HIV-1 [32]; high concentration of Surfactin affects the aggregation of amyloid β-peptide into fibrils, a key pathological process associated with Alzheimer’s disease [37]; antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, insecticidal, and antimycoplasma activities [38].
Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens B128 and B. amyloliquefaciens PPCB004	Iturin	Antimicrobial activity and antifungal activities against profound mycosis. Effect on the morphology and membrane structure of yeast cells [32]. Increase in the electrical conductance of bimolecular lipid membranes and acting as nontoxic and nonpyrogenic immunological adjuvant [32].
Bacillus subtilis	Iturin and Surfactin	Both bioagents show broad hypocholesterolemic activities [39] and can act as antibiotics, antiviral, and antitumor agents; immuno-modulators; specific toxins; and enzyme inhibitors [40].