Safety Evaluation of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Microbiota of Salami: Superantigenic Toxin Production and Antimicrobial Resistance

Table 3

Multiple resistance to antimicrobial as found in CNS strains from salami.

Salami origin	CNS strains	Antimicrobial agent resistance	Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index
Commercial	Staphylococcus spp. KF135445.1	CIP, CLO, CPM, GEN, NEO, OXA, PEN, SXT, TET, and VAN	0.66
Commercial	S. carnosus KJ862002.1	CIP, GEN, LZD, NEO, OXA, SXT, and TET	0.46
Commercial	S. saprophyticus AB697717.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, PEN, OXA, TET, and VAN	0.46
Commercial	S. saprophyticus EU430992.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, GEN, LZD, NEO, OXA, PEN, SXT, TET, and VAN	0.80
Commercial	S. saprophyticus JX490122.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, GEN, NEO, PEN, OXA, SXT, TET, and VAN	0.66
Commercial	S. saprophyticus KJ004623.1	CFO, OXA, and PEN	0.20
Commercial	S. sciuri JX966436.1	CFO, CLO, GEN, NEO, OXA, PEN, and TET	0.46
Commercial	S. xylosus CP007208.1	OXA, LZD, PEN, and VAN	0.26
Commercial	S. xylosus CP008724.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, GEN, NEO, OXA, PEN, TET, and VAN	0.60
Artisanal	S. epidermidis KF600589.1	CFO, CLI, CLO, CPM, ERI, GEN, LZD, NEO, OXA, PEN, RIF, SXT, and TET	0.93
Artisanal	S. hominis JX519988.1	CIP, CPM, CPO, ERI, GEN, LZD, NEO, OXA, PEN, RIF, SXT, and VAN	0.80
Artisanal	S. saprophyticus HF937252.1	CFO, OXA, PEN, and SXT	0.26
Artisanal	S. saprophyticus KJ699151.1	OXA, PEN, and VAN	0.20
Artisanal	S. succinus KC329824.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, GEN, OXA, PEN, RIF, SXT, TET, and VAN	0.66
Artisanal	S. xylosus KF198080.1	CFO, CLO, ERI, GEN, NEO, OXA, PEN, TET, and VAN	0.60

The MAR index of an isolate is defined as , where represents the number of antimicrobials to which the isolate was resistant and represents the number of antimicrobials to which the isolate was subjected.
S. aureus strains ATCC WB81 (sea), ATCC 13563 (sed), and ATCC 27664 (see) showing a MAR index of 0.5 and S. aureus strains ATCC14458 (seb) and ATCCWB72 (sec) and S. xylosus ATCC 29971 showing a MAR index of 0.3 were used as reference strains.
CPM: cefepime, CFO: cefoxitin, CLO: chloramphenicol, CIP: ciprofloxacin, CLI: clindamycin, ERI: erythromycin, GEN: gentamycin, NEO: neomycin, LZD: linezolid, RIF; rifampicin, TET: tetracycline, OXA; oxacillin, PEN: penicillin, SXT: sulfamethoprim, and VAN: vancomycin.