Normative Data for an Instrumental Assessment of the Upper-Limb Functionality
Table 3
Kinematic results.
Dominant arm
Nondominant arm
Young group
Middle-aged group
Old group
Whole group
Young group
Middle-aged group
Old group
Whole group
HtMM
(s)
0.95 ± 0.17
0.92 ± 0.15
0.89 ± 0.13
0.92 ± 0.15
0.94 ± 0.16
0.90 ± 0.14
0.86 ± 0.15
0.90 ± 0.15
(°)
136 ± 3
136 ± 5
135 ± 4
136 ± 4
136 ± 4
136 ± 4
135 ± 4
136 ± 4
(°/s)
59 ± 11
55 ± 11
63 ± 14
59 ± 12
58 ± 13
58 ± 12
67 ± 16
61 ± 14
(—)
0.93 ± 0.03
0.93 ± 0.04
0.92 ± 0.06
0.92 ± 0.05
0.91 ± 0.06
0.93 ± 0.04
0.92 ± 0.08
0.92 ± 0.06
(—)
19 ± 5
22 ± 7
22 ± 8
21 ± 7
19 ± 4
24 ± 8
24 ± 9
22 ± 7
RM
(s)
1.07 ± 0.16
1.03 ± 0.13
1.01 ± 0.12
1.04 ± 0.14
1.10 ± 0.21
1.03 ± 0.13
0.99 ± 0.11
1.04 ± 0.16
(°)
79 ± 6
80 ± 6
82 ± 5
80 ± 5
80 ± 7
80 ± 5
83 ± 3
81 ± 5
(°)
26 ± 4
23 ± 5
25 ± 6
25 ± 6
27 ± 6
24 ± 7
23 ± 6
25 ± 6
(s−1)
1.02 ± 0.17
1.09 ± 0.17
1.07 ± 0.18
1.06 ± 0.17
1.01 ± 0.18
1.04 ± 0.16
1.09 ± 0.15
1.05 ± 0.16
(—)
0.93 ± 0.04
0.95 ± 0.02
0.95 ± 0.04
0.94 ± 0.03
0.94 ± 0.03
0.94 ± 0.03
0.94 ± 0.03
0.94 ± 0.03
(—)
25 ± 7
26 ± 7
25 ± 6
25 ± 6
27 ± 9
27 ± 5
25 ± 6
26 ± 7
Hand-to-mouth: : movement duration, : angle at elbow at end movement, : mean angular velocity at elbow, : acceleration coefficient of periodicity, and : normalized jerk; reaching: : movement duration; : angle of arm flexion at end movement, : angle at elbow at end movement, : mean value of target approaching velocity, : acceleration coefficient of periodicity, and : normalized jerk.
