Gender Differences in Health Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia
Table 3
Independent predictors of poor HRQOL domains among female PLHIV on HAART in public health institutions, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2012 [ = 250].
Variables
PH AOR (95% CI)
Psy AOR (95% CI)
Ind AOR (95% CI)
Soc AOR (95% CI)
Env AOR (95% CI)
Spir AOR (95% CI)
Psychosocial support outside family
Yes
1
1
No
2.6 (1.4, 4.9)∗
2.8 (1.3, 6.2)∗
Recent WHO stage
Stage I
0.69 (0.32, 1.48)
2.2 (1.1, 4.4)∗
Stage II
0.56 (0.26, 1.2)
3.2 (1.6, 6.7)∗
Stage III
2.0 (0.85, 4.98)
2.4 (1.1, 5.4)∗
Stage IV
1
1
Educational status
Illiterate
1.86 (1.03, 3.35)∗
2.4 (1.2, 4.9)∗
literate
1
1
Monthly income✦
Below average (<83.75$)
1
1
1
Average and above (≥83.75$)
0.27 (0.07, 0.99)∗
0.15 (0.03, 0.65)∗
0.15 (0.03, 0.70)∗
Residence
Urban
1
1
1
Rural
6.5 (1.37, 30.66)∗
4.1 (1.0, 15.8)∗
4.1 (1.15, 14.9)∗
Psychosocial support from family/friends
Yes
1
1
No
2.05 (1.15, 3.66)∗
2.1 (1.07, 4.38)∗
Perceived stigma
Low
1
High
2.89 (1.69, 4.96)∗
Months on ART
<36 months
0.48 (0.26, 0.88)∗
0.52 (0.29, 0.8)
0.48 (0.2, 0.92)∗
≥36 months
1
1
1
Age category
15–24
4.7 (1.1, 20.3)∗
25–34
2.7 (1.3, 5.2)∗
35–44
1
≥45
0.48 (0.1, 1.1)
Time since diagnosis
<36 months
0.35 (0.19, 0.61)∗
≥36 months
1
Family size
≤2
2.1 (1.16, 3.72)∗
≥3
1
Recent side effect
Yes
2.5 (1.01, 6.25)∗
No
1
AOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, < 0.05, < 0.001, 1 = reference category, PH = physical health, Psy = psychological health, Soc = social relationship, Env = environment, Ind = level of independence, Spir = spiritual health, 1 USD = 17 ETB, and ✦the cutoff point is based on World Bank 2010 report. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test statistic is greater than 0.05 for all the models.
