Ureteral Involvement and Diabetes Increase the Risk of Subsequent Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Table 1
Clinicopathological characteristics stratified by ureteral involvement in 532 patients with UUT-UC treated by RNU.
Variable
No ureteral involvement, (%)
Ureteral involvement, (%)
299 (56.2)
233 (43.8)
Median follow-up period (months)
51.5
43.9
0.227
Age (years)
0.685
<65
131 (43.8)
98 (42.1)
≥65
168 (56.2)
135 (57.9)
BMI (mean ± SD)
0.185
Gender
0.533
Male
157 (52.5)
116 (49.8)
Female
142 (47.5)
117 (50.2)
Residency
0.035*
Nonarsenic
295 (98.7)
223 (95.7)
Arsenic
4 (1.3)
10 (4.3)
Smoking
0.801
No
232 (78.1)
176 (77.2)
Yes
65 (21.9)
52 (22.8)
Herb
0.058
No
174 (93.0)
118 (86.8)
Yes
13 (7.0)
18 (13.2)
DM
0.132
No
158 (84.5)
106 (77.9)
Yes
29 (15.5)
30 (22.1)
Hypertension
0.363
No
122 (65.2)
82 (60.3)
Yes
65 (34.8)
54 (39.7)
eGFR (mL/min)
0.105
<60
51 (33.3)
30 (24.4)
>60
102 (66.7)
93 (75.6)
Hemodialysis
0.065
No
277 (92.6)
204 (87.9)
Yes
22 (7.4)
28 (12.1)
Operation method
0.236
Open
Transperitoneal
27 (23.5)
14 (19.4)
Retroperitoneal
27 (23.5)
27 (37.5)
Laparoscopy
Transperitoneal
35 (30.4)
18 (25.0)
Retroperitoneal
26 (22.6)
13 (18.1)
Multiplicity
<0.001*
No
164 (87.7)
91 (66.9)
Yes
23 (12.3)
45 (33.1)
Grade
0.004*
Low
150 (54.9)
86 (41.7)
High
123 (45.1)
120 (58.3)
T stage
<0.001*
Ta~T1
146 (56.4)
87 (39.5)
T2
21 (8.1)
62 (28.2)
T3~4
89 (34.4)
67 (30.5)
Tis
3 (1.2)
4 (1.8)
N stage
0.278
N0
218 (90.5)
182 (93.3)
N1, N2, N3
23 (9.5)
13 (6.7)
Data expressed as mean ± SD or numbers (%), BMI: body mass index, DM: diabetes mellitus, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, nonarsenic: non-black-foot disease endemic area, and arsenic: black foot disease endemic area. *Significant difference, .