Research Article

Ureteral Involvement and Diabetes Increase the Risk of Subsequent Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Table 1

Clinicopathological characteristics stratified by ureteral involvement in 532 patients with UUT-UC treated by RNU.

VariableNo ureteral involvement, (%)Ureteral involvement, (%)

299 (56.2)233 (43.8)
Median follow-up period (months)51.543.90.227
Age (years)0.685
 <65131 (43.8)98 (42.1)
 ≥65168 (56.2)135 (57.9)
BMI (mean ± SD)0.185
Gender0.533
 Male157 (52.5)116 (49.8)
 Female142 (47.5)117 (50.2)
Residency0.035*
 Nonarsenic295 (98.7)223 (95.7)
 Arsenic4 (1.3)10 (4.3)
Smoking0.801
 No232 (78.1)176 (77.2)
 Yes65 (21.9)52 (22.8)
Herb0.058
 No174 (93.0)118 (86.8)
 Yes13 (7.0)18 (13.2)
DM0.132
 No158 (84.5)106 (77.9)
 Yes29 (15.5)30 (22.1)
Hypertension0.363
 No122 (65.2)82 (60.3)
 Yes65 (34.8)54 (39.7)
eGFR (mL/min)0.105
 <6051 (33.3)30 (24.4)
 >60102 (66.7)93 (75.6)
Hemodialysis0.065
 No277 (92.6)204 (87.9)
 Yes22 (7.4)28 (12.1)
Operation method0.236
 Open
  Transperitoneal27 (23.5)14 (19.4)
  Retroperitoneal27 (23.5)27 (37.5)
 Laparoscopy
  Transperitoneal35 (30.4)18 (25.0)
  Retroperitoneal26 (22.6)13 (18.1)
Multiplicity<0.001*
 No164 (87.7)91 (66.9)
 Yes23 (12.3)45 (33.1)
Grade0.004*
 Low150 (54.9)86 (41.7)
 High123 (45.1)120 (58.3)
T stage<0.001*
 Ta~T1146 (56.4)87 (39.5)
 T221 (8.1)62 (28.2)
 T3~489 (34.4)67 (30.5)
 Tis3 (1.2)4 (1.8)
N stage0.278
 N0218 (90.5)182 (93.3)
 N1, N2, N323 (9.5)13 (6.7)

Data expressed as mean ± SD or numbers (%), BMI: body mass index, DM: diabetes mellitus, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, nonarsenic: non-black-foot disease endemic area, and arsenic: black foot disease endemic area.
*Significant difference, .