Research Article
A Comparative Study of Almond Biodiesel-Diesel Blends for Diesel Engine in Terms of Performance and Emissions
Table 1
Physical and chemical specifications of fuels.
| | Property | Test method | 100% diesel | 30% almond biodiesel-70% diesel | 50% almond biodiesel-50% diesel | 100% almond biodiesel |
| | Flash point (°C) | ASTM D 93 | 68 | 80 | 86 | 145 | | Fire point (°C) | ASTM D 93 | 82 | 97 | 102 | 154 | | Ash content (% by weight) | ASTM D 482 | 0.017 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.013 | | Kinematic viscosity at 40°C (cSt) | ASTM D 445 | 3.384 | 3.731 | 4.235 | 4.726 | | Density at 25°C (g/cm3) | ASTM D 1298 | 0.848 | 0.856 | 0.870 | 0.911 | | Oxygen content (% vol.) | | 0 | 4.83 | 9.67 | 12.6 | | Carbon content (% by mass) | ASTM D 3176 | 80.6 | 80.8 | 81.0 | 81.1 | | Hydrogen content (% by mass) | ASTM D 3176 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | | Calorific value (MJ/kg) | ASTM D 5865 | 48.610 | 44.727 | 43.532 | 41.761 | | Cetane number | ASTM D 613 | 47.48 | 48.31 | 52.54 | 54.32 |
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