Review Article
Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Cancer: Novel Targeted Therapies
Table 1
IGF-1 transgenic mice with tissue-specific IGF-1 overexpression.
| Organs | IGF-1 action | Promoter | Reference |
| Brain | Increased brain size, characterized by increased neuron number. | M IGF-2 5′ flanking region | [35, 36, 181, 182] |
| Bone | Increased trabecular bone. | Bovine osteocalcin | [37] |
| Heart | Increased myocyte proliferation. | r α myosin heavy chain | [38] |
| Muscle: skeletal | Stimulates differentiation and myofibril hypertrophy. | Avian skeletal α actin | [39] |
| Muscle: smooth | Smooth muscle hyperplasia in many flanking fragments organs/tissues. Increased vascular contractility. Enhanced neointimal formation after injury. | r smooth muscle α actin (mSMA) | [183–185] |
| Ovary | Increased testosterone and cyst. | m LH receptor | [186] |
| Prostate | Epithelial neoplasia. | Bovine keratin-5 | [187] |
| Thyroid | When the IGF-1R is also overexpressed, there is a decreased TSH requirement and goiter. | Bovine thyroglobulin | [188] |
|
|