Impact of Moderate Heat, Carvacrol, and Thymol Treatments on the Viability, Injury, and Stress Response of Listeria monocytogenes

Table 2

Percentage of injury in Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4031 cells after different exposure times to mild heat (55°C) applied alone or in presence of 0.3 mM thymol and/or 0.3 mM carvacrol.

Time (min)	55°C	55°C + thymol	55°C + carvacrol	55°C + thymol + carvacrol
5	76.27 ± 11.60^aA	92.76 ± 3.25^aB	98.19 ± 0.59^aC	99.53 ± 0.14^aD
10	79.78 ± 12.21^aA	97.25 ± 1.58^bB	99.16 ± 0.72^abBC	99.79 ± 0.06^bC
15	90.74 ± 2.43^aA	99.12 ± 0.36^bB	99.44 ± 0.48^bBC	99.82 ± 0.05^bC
20	97.33 ± 2.58^bA	99.24 ± 0.56^bA	99.75 ± 0.25^bA	99.89 ± 0.12^bcA
30	98.39 ± 0.69^bA	99.04 ± 1.02^bAB	99.87 ± 0.20^bB	≥99.99^cB

The same lowercase letters indicate that there are no significant differences in columns.
The same capital letters indicate that there are no significant differences in rows.