Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Extraskeletal Complications: Predictor of Health Outcome or Marker of Health Status?

Table 1

Examples of different vitamin D status definitions.

Mayo clinic		Institute of Medicine (IOM)		Pilz et al.		Kidney Disease Improving; Global Outcomes (KDIGO)
PMID^*: 20675513		PMID^*: 21118827		PMID^*: 21682758		PMID^*: 19644521
Severe deficiency	<25	At risk of deficiency	<30	Deficiency	<50	Deficiency	<37
Moderate deficiency	25–59.9	At risk of inadequate level	30–49	Insufficiency	50–74.9	Insufficiency	37–75
Optimal	60–200	Sufficient	50–125	Optimal	75–100	Adequate	>75
Possible toxicity	>200	Possible toxicity	>125	Sufficiency	75–250
				Intoxication	>375–500

25(OH)D expressed in nmol/L. Conversion factor for 25(OH)D: 1 ng/mL = 2.496 nmol/L; ^*PMID: PubMed unique identification number.