Protective and Curative Effects of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra Extract against DMBA-Induced Hepatorenal Diseases in Rats

Table 4

Modulatory influence of Holothuria atra extract (HaE) on liver, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) treated rats.

Treatment	Groups		MDA; (nmol/g tissue)	GSH; (mg/g tissue)
Pretreatment	Control		3.24 ± 0.04^a	3.90 ± 0.54^c
	7 days	DMBA	3.44 ± 0.07^ab	1.43 ± 0.31^a
		HaE	3.46 ± 0.04^ab	1.98 ± 0.30^ab
	14 days	DMBA	4.79 ± 0.53^cd	1.35 ± 0.10^a
		HaE	3.50 ± 0.12^ab	1.66 ± 0.27^b
Posttreatment	Control		3.21 ± 0.04^a	3.81 ± 0.57^c
	7 days	DMBA	4.12 ± 0.36^bc	2.90 ± 0.16^d
		HaE	4.03 ± 0.13^b	1.58 ± 0.05^a
	14 days	DMBA	5.05 ± 0.25^d	1.39 ± 0.12^a
		HaE	3.95 ± 0.12^ab	2.14 ± 0.09^b

Values are given as mean ± SEM for 6 rats in each group.
Each value not sharing a common letter superscript is significantly different ().