No Evidence for Retinal Damage Evolving from Reduced Retinal Blood Flow in Carotid Artery Disease

Table 1

Demographic details of the total cohort and stenosis subgroups. SD: standard deviation; min: minimal; max: maximal; CAD: carotid artery disease comprising carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and carotid artery occlusion (CAO); HLP: hyperlipoproteinemia; PAD: peripheral artery disease; TIA: transient ischemic attack; Group 1: CAS 50–79%; Group 2: CAS ≥ 80% or CAO with nonretrograde OA; Group 3: CAS ≥ 80% or CAO with retrograde OA.

	Total cohort	Stenosis subgroups
		Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Patients	27	8	7	12
Sex
Male	17 (63%)	7 (87.5%)	2 (28.6%)	8 (66.7%)
Female	10 (37%)	1 (12.5%)	5 (71.4%)	4 (33.3%)
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	61 ± 10	66 ± 4	62 ± 7	58 ± 12
(min–max)	(35–76)	(61–72)	(50–71)	(35–76)
Disease duration CAD (months)
Mean ± SD	46 ± 50	21 ± 20	74 ± 55	46 ± 56
(min–max)	(1–177)	(2–58)	(6–177)	(1–169)
Unilateral CAD
50–79%	8 (29.6%)	8 (100%)	0	0
80–99%	9 (33.3%)	0	5 (71.4%)	4 (33.3%)
Occlusion	10 (37.0%)	0	2 (28.6%)	8 (66.7%)
Comorbidity
Art. hypertension	18 (66.7%)	7 (87.5%)	5 (71.4%)	6 (50.0%)
HLP	14 (51.9%)	4 (50.0%)	3 (42.9%)	7 (58.3%)
Coronary artery disease	8 (29.6%)	4 (50.0%)	1 (14.3%)	3 (25.0%)
Diabetes mellitus	4 (14.8%)	2 (25.0%)	1 (14.3%)	1 (8.3%)
PAD	3 (11.1%)	1 (12.5%)	1 (14.3%)	1 (8.3%)