BioMed Research International

Review Article

Preclinical Murine Models for Lung Cancer: Clinical Trial Applications

Table 1

Xenograft and orthotopic models for lung cancer.
Cell lineDescriptionHistologyOriginMutationAdherenceMethod of implantationAnimal model/sCell inoculationPercentage tumor takePalpable tumoursMetastatic potentialReferences
DMS-53Small-cell carcinomaSCLCMale, age 54, smoking status unknownLow Ras activity, p53 mutationAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale BALB/c nude mice
Female nude athymic		10(6)–10(7) cells/mouse with PBS or matrigel50–100%4–8 weeksNot previously described[23, 24]
NCI-H69Small-cell carcinomaSCLCMale, age 55, smoking status unknownp53 deficient, wild type but low EGFRSuspension, multicell aggregatesSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athmyic nun/nu/CR hind flank5 × 10(6) cells/mouse with PBS or matrigel80–100%15 days–4 weeksNot previously described[25]
A549AdenocarcinomaNSCLCMale, age 58, smoking status unknownRas mutationAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionBALB
/cAnNCrlBR athymic (nu+/nu+)		2 × 106–2 × 10(7) cells/mouse with matrigel100%2–5 weeksNot previously described[26–30]
EndobronchialBALB/c or NMRI-nu/nu female mice1 × 10(4)–1 × 10(6) cells/mouse90%9–61 daysYes. Left lung, liver and spleen[31]
H1299CarcinomaNSCLCMale, age 43, smoking status unknownN-Ras mutation, P53 negative
High EGFR expression		AdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic nude mice
BALB/c nude mice		2 × 106–1 × 107 cells/mouse with matrigel45–100%4–6 weeksNot previously described[27, 29, 32]
NCI-H460Large cell carcinomaNSCLCMale, age and smoking status unknownK-Ras mutationAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic nude mice (Ncr nu/nu)3 × 10(5)–1 × 10(7) cells/mouse with matrigel100%4–11 daysNot previously described[28, 31, 33–36]
EndobronchialFemale athymic nude mice (Ncr nu/nu)1 × 10(4)–1 × 10(6) cells/mouse90%9–61 daysYes. Left lung, liver and spleen[31]
H1975AdenocarcinomaNSCLCFemale, non-smokerEGFR mutation L858R and T790MAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic (nu/nu) mice
NMRI-nu/nu female mice		1 × 10(6)–1 × 10(7) cells/mouse with matrigel50–100%4–8 weeksNot previously described[28, 37]
NCI-H226Squamous carcinomaNSCLCMale, age and smoking status unknownP53 mutationAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionBALB/c nude mice
Female SCID/SCID mice		8 × 106 cells/mouse with PBS or matrigel50–100%4–8 weeksNot previously described[36]
HCC827AdenocarcinomaNSCLCFemale, age 39, smoking status unknownIn-frame deletion (dE746-A750) in exon 19 of EGFR increased copy number AdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic (nu/nu) mice
Female BALB/cA nude mice		2 × 10(7) cells/mouse with matrigel80–100%4-5 weeksNot previously described[26, 28]
HCC4006AdenocarcinomaNSCLCMale, age >50, smoking status unknownIn-frame deletion (dE746-A750) in exon 19 of EGFR AdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale SCID/SCID mice1-2 × 106 cells/mouse with PBS or matrigel50–100%4–8 weeksNot previously described[38]
NCI-H358Bronchioalviolar carcinomaNSCLCMale, age and smoking status unknownWild-type EGFRAdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic (nu/nu) mice2 × 107 cells/mouse with PBS or matrigel100%4-5 weeksNot previously described[26, 28, 39]
LLCLewis lung carcinomaNSCLCC57BL mouseNot reportedMixed, adherent and suspensionSubcutaneous, leg injectionMale C57BL mice2 × 106 cells/mouse100%7 daysYes. Lung[40]
NCI-H23AdenocarcinomaNSCLCMale, 51 yearsp53 mutationAdherentSubcutaneousFemale BALB-C nude mice3 × 3 × 3 mm tumor fragment100%14 daysNot previously described[36]
DMS-273Small-cell carcinomaSCLCFemale, 50 yearsp53 mutationAdherentSubcutaneousFemale BALB-C nude mice3 × 3 × 3 mm tumor fragment100%14 daysNot previously described[36]
DMS-114Small-cell carcinomaSCLCMale, 68 yearsp53 mutationAdherentSubcutaneousFemale BALB-C nude mice3 × 3 × 3 mm tumor fragment100%14 daysNot previously described[36]
TL-1Squamous carcinomaNSCLCNot reportedNot reportedAdherentSubcutaneousCB-17 scid/scid mice2 × 106 cells/mouse in saline60–70%3-4 weeksNot previously described[41]
NCI-H526CarcinomaSCLCMale, 55 yearsKIT positiveSuspensionSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic nu/nu mice5 × 106 cells/mouse in saline100%20 daysNot previously described[42]
NCI H82CarcinomaSCLCMale, 40 yearsKIT negativeSuspensionSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic nu/nu mice5 × 106 cells/mouse in saline100%25 daysNot previously described[42]
NCI-H358Bronchioalviolar carcinomaNSCLCMaleWt EGFR
Mutated ras		AdherentSubcutaneous, hind flank injectionFemale athymic nu/nu mice2 × 107 cells/mouse with 1 : 1 PBS and matrigel100%Not reportedNot previously described[28]