Gum No gum Results Focused attention Mean reaction time (ms) Block 1: = 396.14 (5.89) Block 2: = 395.2 (5.38) Block 3: = 400.18 (5.31) Block 1: = 391.97 (5.85) Block 2: = 397.55 (5.26) Block 3: = 401.39 (5.23) Gum: (1, 54) = .01, = .94, < .001 Time** : (2, 108) = 5.82, = .004, = .1 Gum × time: (1.802, 99.12) = 1.44, = .24, = .03 Gum × order: (1, 54) = 3.89, = .054, = .06 Total errors 10.18 (1.12) 10.15 (1.04) Gum: F (1, 54) = .003, = .96, < .0001 Gum × order : (1, 54) = 5.37, = .02, = .09 Long responses .27 (.09) .45 (.21) Gum: F (1, 54) = .91, = .35, = .02 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = 2.94, = .09, < .05 Breadth of attention1 18.99 (4.71) 25.83 (5.39) Gum: F (1, 54) = 1.03, = .32, = .02 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .78, = .38, = .01 Speed of encoding2 25.47 (2.77) 24.44 (2.61) Gum: F (1, 54) = .21, = .64, = .004 Gum × order : (1, 54) = 12.15, < .001, = .18 Categoric search Total errors 11.16 (.8) 11.84 (.93) Gum: F (1, 54) = 1.45, = .23, = .03 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = 2.51, = .12, = .04 Long responses 1.66 (.3) 1.87 (.36) Gum: F (1, 54) = .45, = .5 = .008 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .83, = .37, = .02 Response organisation3 27.51 (2.54) 26.88 (2.53) Gum: F (1, 54) = .05, = .083 = .001 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .07, = .79, = .001 Speed of encoding 17.69 (2.73) 4.77 (2.54) : F (1, 54) = 14.3, < .001, = .21 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .04, = .84, = .001 Spatial uncertainty4 105.92 (4.83) 116.26 (5.34) Gum: F (1, 54) = 3.28, = .08, = .06 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .043, = .52, = .008 Place repetition5 15.62 (2.56) 14 (2.92) Gum: F (1, 54) = .35, = .56, = .006 Gum × order: F (1, 54) = .72, = .4, = .01 Simple reaction time Block 1: = 327.98 (6.39) Block 2: = 336.58 (7.14) Block 3: = 339.29 (6.68) Block 1: = 314.43 (7.32) Block 2: = 331.02 (7.44) Block 3: = 341.09 (8) Gum: F (1, 54) = 2.04, = .16, = .04 : F (2, 108) = 16.09, < .001, = .23 Gum × time: F (2, 108) = 2.07, = .13, = .04 Gum × order*** : F (1, 54) = 22.08, = .001, = .29