Second-Hand Smoking among Intermediate and Secondary School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Table 3

Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between sociodemographic and smoking-related variables and SHS exposure at home.

Factor	SHS exposure at home		OR	95% CI
	Exposed	Not exposed
Age (in years)
<13	128	341	1.00	Reference
13–16	555	1102	1.33	0.96–1.49
>16	366	718	1.36	0.98–1.52
Sex
Female	520	1043	1.00	Reference
Male	529	1118	0.95	0.82–1.10
School grade
Intermediate	544	1199	1.00	Reference
Secondary	505	962	1.16	0.99–1.34
Father’s education
No formal education	64	93	1.00	Reference
Less than university	497	900	0.75	0.66–0.86
University or higher	488	1168	0.53	0.42–0.69
Mother’s education
No formal education	84	145	1.00	Reference
Less than university	527	1068	0.95	0.74–1.15
University or higher	438	948	0.84	0.62–1.11
Family structure
One or both parents	1002	2117	1.00	Reference
Neither	47	44	2.26	1.48–3.42
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	531	1645	1.00	Reference
Smoker or former smoker	518	516	3.11	2.66–3.63
Parents smoking
Nonsmokers	539	1886	1.00	Reference
One or both are smokers	510	275	6.49	5.44– 7.73
Close friends smoking
No	419	1398	1.00	Reference
Some of them smoke	630	763	2.75	2.36–3.20
Knowledge about harmful effects of smoking
No	780	1544	1.00	Reference
Yes	269	617	0.87	0.73–1.02
Belief in harmful effects of SHS
No	393	709	1.00	Reference
Yes	656	1452	0.75	0.69–0.95

Each variable is adjusted by the other variables in the table.