Reviving Lonidamine and 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine to Be Used in Combination for Metabolic Cancer Therapy

Table 2

Summary of phase II clinical studies with lonidamine.

Number of studies	# pts	Tumor type	Treatment	Overall response rate (ORR)	Observations	References
4	51	Breast	LND + epi:	21%	Metastatic disease	[36–39]
	24; 29; 22		LND + epi; LND + epi + cis; LND + epi + cis	57%; 73%; 81.8%	Mean response duration 12.4, 7.0, and 9.8 months in the first three trials, respectively
3	25; 54; 31	Lung	LND alone; LND + cis + gem + vnr; LND + cis + epi	24%,; 37%; 41.4%	Advanced or metastatic disease; Mean response duration; 13.7, 4.5, and 8.5 months	[40–42]
4	35; 27; 9; 26	Ovarian	LND + cis + pac; LND + cis; LND + cis; LND + epi	80%; 37%; 44%; 33.3%	LND + cis + pac, untreated pts. PFS 28.5 months; The other 3 studies in pretreated patients	[43–46]
3	40	Head and neck	LND + RT	CR 65%	Untreated	[47–49]
	89		LND + mtx versus mtx + pla	ORR 26.3 versus 18.2%	Advanced/recurrent
	96		LND + RT versus RT + pla	CR 66 versus 65%	Untreated 5-year DFS 40 versus 19%,

LND: lonidamine; epi: epirubicin; cis: cisplatin; gem: gemcitabine; vnr; vinorelbine; pac: paclitaxel; RT: radiation; mtx: methotrexate; pla: placebo; CR: complete response; PFS: progression-free survival; DFS: disease-free survival.