Kinematics of Rotation in Joints of the Lower Limbs and Pelvis during Gait: Early Results—SB ACLR Approach versus DB ACLR Approach

Table 4

Intergroup comparison of examined variables in the knee joint (results of the post hoc test).

Tukey’s test results ()
Gait phase	Studied group	Involved/right leg			Studied group	Uninvolved/left leg
		SB ACLR	DB ACLR	Control		SB ACLR	DB ACLR	Control
KHS	SB ACLR	—	0.087	0.022	SB ACLR	—	0.731	0.109
	DB ACLR	0.087	—	0.822	DB ACLR	0.731	—	0.353
	Control	0.022	0.822	—	Control	0.109	0.353	—
K1	SB ACLR	—	0.110	0.003	SB ACLR	—	0.558	0.026
	DB ACLR	0.110	—	0.289	DB ACLR	0.558	—	0.190
	Control	0.003	0.289	—	Control	0.026	0.190	—
K2	SB ACLR	—	0.325	0.120	SB ACLR	—	0.554	0.201
	DB ACLR	0.325	—	0.835	DB ACLR	0.554	—	0.750
	Control	0.120	0.835	—	Control	0.201	0.750	—
KTO	SB ACLR	—	0.027	0.001	SB ACLR	—	0.223	0.002
	DB ACLR	0.027	—	0.503	DB ACLR	0.223	—	0.105
	Control	0.001	0.503	—	Control	0.002	0.105	—
K3	SB ACLR	—	0.010	0.001	SB ACLR	—	0.528	0.861
	DB ACLR	0.010	—	0.665	DB ACLR	0.528	—	0.257
	Control	0.001	0.665	—	Control	0.257	0.861	—
K4	SB ACLR	—	0.131	0.009	SB ACLR	—	0.778	0.085
	DB ACLR	0.131	—	0.456	DB ACLR	0.778	—	0.251
	Control	0.009	0.456	—	Control	0.085	0.251	—

ACLR: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; SB ACLR: group after single-bundle ACLR; DB ACLR: group after double-bundle ACLR; control: control group; : arithmetic mean; SD: standard deviation; KHS: the first contact between the foot and the ground; K1: maximal knee flexion at the beginning of stance phase; K2: the biggest extension of the knee during a single stance; KTO: detaching the toes at the end of stance phase; K3: maximal knee flexion during swing phase; K4: maximal extension of the knee joint in the preparatory phase before stance phase. Values in bold are statistically significant.
Presented values obtained in the SB and DB ACLR groups refer to involved leg while values obtained in the control group refer to the right leg.