Research Article
Workplace Bullying as a Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Mediating Role of Job-Related Psychological Strain
Table 1
Means, standard deviations, percentages, Cronbach’s
α, and correlations (
).
| Variables | item | M (SD) | % | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| () Age+ | — | 43.64 (7.8) | — | — | — | | | | | | | | | | () Gender (1 = male)+ | — | — | 37.1 | — |
−0.022 | — | | | | | | | | | () Role (1 = employee)+ | — | — | 81.6 | — | −0.109* | −0.315*** | — | | | | | | | | () Contract (1 = part-time)+ | — | — | 52.3 | — | −0.256*** | −0.465*** | 0.406*** | — | | | | | | | () Physical demand+ | 5 | 2.71 (0.73) | — | 0.77 | 0.019 | −0.095* | 0.069 | 0.064 | — | | | | | | () Bullying | 9 | 1.67 (0.69) | — | 0.87 | 0.066 | 0.108* | −0.087 | −0.111* | 0.238*** | — | | | | | () Job-related strain | 5 | 17.30 (7.29) | — | 0.78 | 0.157*** | −0.105* | 0.048 | 0.011 | 0.447*** | 0.327*** | — | | | | () Low back (1 = yes) | — | — | 74.6 | — | 0.015 | −0.165*** | 0.129** | 0.081 | 0.347*** | 0.169*** | 0.285*** | — | | | () Upper back (1 = yes) | — | — | 53.1 | — | 0.090* | −0.162** | 0.111* | 0.099* | 0.308*** | 0.214*** | 0.294*** | 0.387*** | — | | () Neck (1 = yes) | — | — | 60.5 | — | 0.084 | −0.273*** | 0.113* | 0.110* | 0.266*** | 0.148** | 0.263*** | 0.374*** | 0.403*** | — | () Shoulders (1 = yes) | — | — | 56.6 | — | 0.192*** | −0.160*** | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.351*** | 0.141** | 0.253*** | 0.259*** | 0.363*** | 0.447*** |
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Notes: +confounding variables; ***; **; *.
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