Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme

Algorithm 1

Classification scheme of approaches to strengthen the efficacy of DC vaccines in the treatment of glioblastoma.

(1) Dendritic cells (DCs)

 (1.1) Selection of DC subpopulations

 (1.2) DC differentiation

 (1.3) Manipulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals via DCs

  (1.3.1) Positive regulators

  (1.3.2) Negative regulators

(2) Loading antigens

 (2.1) Glioblastoma-associated antigens (GAAs) and glioblastoma specific antigens (GSAs)

 (2.2) Glioma stem cell (GSC) antigens

(3) Regulation of the GBM microenvironment

 (3.1) Positive regulators

 (3.2) Negative regulators