Review Article

The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention

Table 1

Summary of meditation studies of autonomic activation and alerting attention.

StudyMeditation typeFindings

Tang et al. [92]Mindfulness (IBMT)Increased HF and
decreased GSR

Ditto et al. [93]MindfulnessIncreased RSA

Jain et al. [96]MindfulnessIncreased perceived positive emotions and decreased perceived distress

Mackenzie et al. [97]MindfulnessIncreased perceived well-being, life satisfaction, and relaxation

Wu and Lo [86]Zen concentrative meditation Increased HF and decreased LF/HF

Takahashi et al. [87]Zen concentrative meditationIncreased HF and decreased LF/HF

Manna et al. [105]Shamatha Increased fMRI BOLD signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior insula in meditation experts

Manna et al. [105]VipassanaIncreased dACC activation in meditation novices

Allen et al. [106]MindfulnessIncreased DLPFC and dACC activation

Jha et al. [119]Shamatha Increased alerting network efficiency

MacLean et al. [120]Shamatha Improvement in a sustained attention task

Amihai and Kozhevnikov [27]Shamatha (Kasina visualization)Decreased LF/HF

Amihai and Kozhevnikov [27]VipassanaIncreased HF and decreased LF/HF

Amihai and Kozhevnikov [27]Rig-pa (Vajrayana Tantric)Decreased HF and increased performance in mental rotation (MRT) and visual memory (VMT)

Amihai and Kozhevnikov [27]Deity (Vajrayana Tantric)Decreased HF

Kozhevnikov et al. [29]Deity (Vajrayana Tantric)Increased MRT and VMT performance

Kozhevnikov et al. [28]g-Tummo (Vajrayana Tantric)Increased thermogenesis

Corby et al. [121]Ananda Marga (Dharana)Increased GSR and heart rate

Telles and Desiraju [122]Hindu Tantric meditationIncreased heart rate