Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy and Early Age Leukemia Risk in Brazil
Table 3
Maternal alcohol drinking preconception and/or during pregnancy risk according to offspring age strata, leukemia subtypes, and control mothers, Brazil, 1999–2007.
Maternal drinking
Controls (%)
ALL (%)
AML (%)
ALL
AML
OR (95% CI)
Adj.a OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Adj.a OR (95% CI)
Any beverages ≤11 mo. No
158 (37.3)
47 (24.3)
18 (30.5)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
89 (21.1)
40 (20.7)
10 (17.0)
1.52 (0.92–2.48)
1.29 (0.73–2.27)
0.99 (0.44–2.23)
0.97 (0.38–2.46)
Missing
8 (1.9)
1 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
12–23 mo. No
103 (24.4)
60 (31.1)
18 (30.5)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
61 (14.4)
43 (22.3)
13 (22.0)
1.21 (0.73–2.00)
1.07 (0.61–1.89)
1.22 (0.56–2.66)
1.49 (0.61–3.61)
Missing
4 (0.9)
2 (1.1)
0 (0.0)
Preconception ≤11 mo.
No
158 (37.3)
45 (23.3)
18 (30.5)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
86 (20.3)
42 (21.7)
10 (17.0)
1.72 (1.04–2.82)
1.56 (0.88–2.79)
1.02 (0.45–2.31)
1.01 (0.39–2.61)
Missing
11 (2.7)
1 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
12–23 mo.
No
103 (24.4)
60 (31.1)
18 (30.5)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
61 (14.4)
43 (22.3)
13 (22.0)
1.21 (0.73–2.00)
1.01 (0.57–1.77)
1.22 (0.56–2.66)
1.39 (0.59–3.27)
Missing
4 (0.9)
1 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
During pregnancy ≤11 mo.
No
205 (48.4)
62 (32.1)
24 (40.7)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
50 (11.8)
26 (13.5)
4 (6.8)
1.72 (0.99–2.99)
1.49 (0.77–2.89)
0.68 (0.23–2.06)
0.96 (0.30–3.10)
Missing
0 (0.0)
1 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
12–23 mo.
No
129 (30.5)
83 (43.0)
25 (42.4)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Yes
37 (8.8)
21 (10.9)
6 (10.1)
0.89 (0.49–1.63)
0.83 (0.40–1.68)
0.84 (0.32–2.19)
1.09 (0.38–3.11)
Missing
2 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
Adjusted odds ratio by use of oral contraceptives during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, maternal education, birth weight, and infant skin color; bthree months before pregnancy; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; = number of cases; Adj. OR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; mo. = months. bPreconception (legend: three months before pregnancy).
