Research Article
Neck Circumference as a Predictive Indicator of CKD for High Cardiovascular Risk Patients
Table 1
Study characteristics by sex and age.
| | Variables, mean (SD) | Men, = 125 | Women, = 52 | | <65 yrs ( = 57) | ≧65 yrs ( = 68) | value | <65 yrs ( = 26) | ≧65 yrs ( = 26) | value |
| | Age (yrs) | 58 (5.2) | 73.7 (5.3) | <0.001 | 58.6 (5.5) | 75.1 (6) | <0.001 | | Height (cm) | 166.2 (6.1) | 164.8 (4.8) | 0.166 | 157 (5.7) | 153 (5.8) | 0.015 | | Weight (kg) | 76.8 (11.8) | 70.8 (10.4) | 0.003 | 68.9 (12) | 59.7 (8.6) | 0.002 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 (3.5) | 26 (3.7) | 0.011 | 27.9 (4) | 25.5 (3) | 0.017 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 97.3 (9.7) | 94.5 (9.3) | 0.104 | 92.3 (11.3) | 95.8 (9.2) | 0.230 | | Hip circumference (cm) | 101.8 (7.2) | 100.2 (7.2) | 0.224 | 102.3 (10.4) | 97.5 (5.9) | 0.049 | | Waist hip ratio | 1 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.198 | 0.9 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.001 | | Neck circumference (cm) | 40.6 (3.3) | 39.6 (3.3) | 0.100 | 36.6 (2.9) | 34.7 (2.6) | 0.017 | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.3 (12.3) | 136.4 (16.1) | 0.732 | 132.1 (12) | 133.9 (11.7) | 0.588 | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.9 (6.7) | 76.8 (8.9) | 0.030 | 78 (8) | 73.9 (8.3) | 0.073 | | Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 119.5 (44.2) | 110.9 (27) | 0.205 | 111.3 (30.5) | 112.5 (27.6) | 0.883 | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.2 (34.5) | 181.2 (32.2) | 0.748 | 205.6 (41.1) | 197.8 (29.4) | 0.448 | | LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 114.5 (29.9) | 114.5 (27.1) | 0.990 | 123.5 (37.1) | 112.9 (27.4) | 0.258 | | HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 44.3 (7.8) | 46.5 (15.4) | 0.315 | 53.9 (12.9) | 49.9 (11.3) | 0.258 | | Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 148.5 (74.4) | 117.1 (46.9) | 0.006 | 137.9 (80.1) | 136.3 (53.4) | 0.937 | | Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.011 | 0.9 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0.584 | | Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.4) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.024 | | Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 17.9 (6.3) | 20.2 (7.2) | 0.075 | 16.9 (4.8) | 18.9 (10.1) | 0.373 | | Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7 (1.6) | 6.9 (1.4) | 0.908 | 6 (1.6) | 6.2 (1.5) | 0.632 | | Albumin (mg/dL) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.3) | 0.437 | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.3 (0.2) | 0.046 | | hsCRP (mg/L) | 2 (2) | 1.6 (2.2) | 0.319 | 2.1 (2.5) | 2.1 (2.7) | 0.992 | | Microalbuminuria (mg/day) | 23.4 (33) | 29.5 (61.1) | 0.505 | 29.2 (54.8) | 17.6 (34.6) | 0.377 | | Total protein (mg/dL) | 7.4 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.5) | 0.094 | 7.7 (0.5) | 7.5 (0.4) | 0.138 | | Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 28.9 (23.1) | 30.7 (30.2) | 0.721 | 25.4 (10.6) | 26.3 (20.3) | 0.842 | | Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 35.7 (31.2) | 33.8 (37.4) | 0.753 | 35.7 (30.9) | 23 (18.7) | 0.085 | | Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 63.6 (24.4) | 61.4 (15.1) | 0.777 | 65.7 (15.1) | 64 (33.1) | 0.912 | | Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.8 (0.5) | 8.7 (0.5) | 0.655 | 8.7 (0.5) | 8.8 (0.7) | 0.547 | | Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 3.5 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.5) | 0.012 | 3.8 (0.3) | 3.7 (0.5) | 0.175 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 143.7 (2) | 143.2 (2.2) | 0.200 | 144.4 (2) | 143.8 (2) | 0.299 | | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.9 (5.3) | 4.9 (5.4) | 0.953 | 5.8 (8.1) | 6.4 (9.1) | 0.842 | | Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.233 | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.194 | | Urine creatinine (mg/dL) | 74.6 (28.7) | 79.7 (36.2) | 0.395 | 71.9 (30.9) | 56.1 (17.9) | 0.034 | | 24 hr CCR (mL/min) | 103.3 (33.1) | 78.1 (31.7) | <0.001 | 93 (33.3) | 67.8 (25.9) | 0.004 | | eGFRMDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 75.1 (18.9) | 62.1 (17.5) | <0.001 | 72.6 (20) | 67 (19) | 0.319 | | eGFRCG (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.7 (23.6) | 53.7 (16.5) | <0.001 | 76.8 (23.8) | 52 (15.2) | <0.001 |
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