Review Article
Cardiac Emergencies in Neurosurgical Patients
Table 2
Cardiac emergencies in skull base surgery.
| Author | Patient | Procedure | Cardiac rhythm | Cause | Management | Outcome |
| Cho et al. [12] | 3 patients 28–42 y; ♀ = 2, ♂ = 1 | Transsphenoidal pituitary resection | Asystole (); bradycardia () | TCR (cavernous sinus manipulation) | Cessation of surgical manipulation | No neurological deficit | Abou-Zeid et al. [13] | 26 y ♀ | Transsphenoidal pituitary resection | Asystole (30 s) | TCR (cavernous sinus manipulation) | Atropine | No neurological deficit | Seker et al. [14] | 53 y ♂ | Transsphenoidal pituitary resection | Asystole (20 s) | TCR (cavernous sinus manipulation) | Cessation of surgical manipulation; atropine | No neurological deficit | Meng et al. [15] | 1/100 patients (skull base surgery) 56 ♀ | Sphenoid wing meningioma | Bradycardia | TCR | None | No neurological deficit | Reddy et al. [16] | 40 y ♂ | RF-ablation (trigeminal neuralgia) | Asystole and bradycardia (<1 min) | TCR | Atropine | No neurological deficit | Rath et al. [17] | 50 y ♂ | Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery | Asystole (10 s); pulseless bradycardia (30–40 s) | Hypothalamic injury | Atropine; CPR | CN 6 palsy, blindness |
Stauber et al. [18] | 34 y ♀ | Pituitary adenoma resection | Asystole | TCR | Sternal punch, IV epinephrine | No neurological deficit | Ori et al. [19] | 34 y ♂ | Percutaneous thermocoagulation (petrous ganglion of Andersch) | Bradycardia, asystole (5 s) | GVR | Atropine, CPR | Hypalgesia of auditory canal |
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♀ = female gender; ♂ = male gender; TCR = trigeminocardiac reflex; GVR = glossopharyngeal-vagal reflex; CN = cranial nerve; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions; no neurological deficits = postoperative deficits not mentioned.
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