Vitamin A-Deficient Diet Accelerated Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E^−/− Mice and Dietary β-Carotene Prevents This Consequence

Figure 5

Liver gene expression in apoE^−/− mice fed chow or vitamin A-deficient diet with or without β-carotene. Liver mRNA levels of the indicated genes were detected by real-time PCR. Gapdh was used as a reference gene. Gene expression was detected after 15 weeks of treatment. Cyp26a1 (a), Pparγ (b), Cyp7α(c), and Hmgr (d). Measured by real-time PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Values are means ± SE, = 8. Within each graph, means without a common letter differ, . Dunaliella treated group (BC); vitamin A-deficient diet group (VAD); vitamin A-deficient diet fortified with Dunaliella group (VAD-BC).

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