Sex Differences in Immunology: More Severe Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension in Male Rats Exposed to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockade

<div>Representative cardiac echo imaging in rats at 3 weeks. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is measured on a 4-chamber apical view (2D-mode) as the difference in length between the tricuspid annulus and a fixed point at the end-diastolic (a) and end-systolic times (b). On the same view, the right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD) is measured transversally from the midinterventricular septum to the mid-right-ventricular free wall (c, 2D-mode). In SU_M at 3 weeks, pericardial effusion can be observed (d, parasternal short axis, 2D-mode). RV: right ventricle; RA: right atrium; LV: left ventricle.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Sex Differences in Immunology: More Severe Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension in Male Rats Exposed to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockade 

Figure 1 | Sex Differences in Immunology: More Severe Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension in Male Rats Exposed to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockade 